Federalism and Local Politics in Russia

Unification as a political project 1033 Gordon Hahn, ‘Reforming the federation’, in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman andRichard Sakwa (eds), Development in Russian Politics, Basingstoke: PalgraveMacmillan, 2005, p. 148.4 Seven federal districts were created by a presidential decree of 13 May 2000. Eachfederal district unites several regions and is headed by a presidential representative.5 ‘O poryadke prinyatiya v Rossiskuyu Federatsiyu i obrazovaniya v ee sostavenovogo b'esub'ekta Rossiskoi Federatsii’, 17 December 2001. http://vff-s.narod.ru/fz/kz/01_06.html6 Rossiskaya Gazeta, 19 April 2005. http://www.rg.ru/2005/04/19/sibir-referendum.html.7 Transcript of Press Conference with the Russian and Foreign Media. 1 February2007. Round Hall, the Kremlin, Moscow. http://president.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/02/01/1309_type82915type82917_117609.shtml8 Transcript of Press Conference with the Russian and Foreign Media. February 1,2007. Round Hall, the Kremlin, Moscow. http://president.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/02/01/1309_type82915type82917_117609.shtml9 Thornton Matheson, ‘Does fiscal redistribution discourage local public investment?Evidence from transitional Russia’, Economics of Transition, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2005,p. 142.10 See, Rossia Regionov: v kakom sotsialnom prostranstve my zhivem?, NezavisimyiInstitut Sotsialnoi Politiki, Moscow, 2005.11 Ibid., p. 54.12 Vladimir Leksin, ‘Prostranstvo vlasti i mir cheloveka’, Mir Rossii, No. 1, 2005, p. 40.http://www.ecsocman.edu.ru/images/pubs/2007/02/06/0000301904/2005_n1_p3-61.pdf13 Ross Williams, ‘Fiscal federalism: aims, instruments and outcomes’, TheAustralian Economic Review, Vol. 38, No. 4, 2005, p. 352.14 R. F. Turovskii, Politicheskaya Regionalistica, Moscow, ‘Izdatel'skii Dom GUVSHE’, 2006), p. 551.15 http://www.programs-gov.ru/ext/142/content.htm16 Vladimir Leksin, ‘Prostranstvo vlasti i mir cheloveka’, Mir Rossii, No. 1, 2005, p. 47,http://www.ecsocman.edu.ru/images/pubs/2007/02/06/0000301904/2005_n1_p3-61.pdf17 http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_04_03_4.htm18 See, for example, S. V. Kurenkova, ‘Iz istorii voprosa: obrazovanie Komi-Permyatskogo Avtonomnogo Okruga – pervogo natsionalnogo okruga v Rossii (K 80-letiu obrazovaniya SSSR)’, at http://politarchive.perm.ru/pls/gopapo/page.show_page?p_page_id = 118&p_detail = Y19 Ustav Komi-Permyatskogo Avtonomnogo Okruga (Charter of the Komi-PermyakAutonomous Okrug). Adopted on 19 December 1994. Chapter 1. http://www.legislature.ru/ruconst/komiperm.html#120 Ustav Komi-Permyatskogo Avtomnogo Okruga.21 Ustav Permskoi Oblasti (Charter of Perm region). Adopted October 6, 1994.Chapter 1. http://parlament.perm.ru/laws/ustav.html22 Ustav Permskoi Oblasti.23 Ustav Permskoi Oblasti.24 Law, ‘Ob Administrativno-territorialnom delenii Permskoi Oblasti’. Adopted onFebruary 22, 1996. As amended on May 7, 1997. http://www.permreg.ru/region/laws/?document = 4225 ‘Dogovor o razgranichenii predmetov vvedeniya v polnomochii mezhdu organamigosudarstvennoi vlasti Rossiskoi Federatsii i organami gosudarstvennoi vlastiPermskoi Oblasti v organami gosudarstvennoi vlasti Komi-PermyatskogoAvtonomnogo Okruga ot 31 Maya 1996 g.’, Rossiiskie Vesti, 25 July 1996.26 I quote the English translation of the Russian 1993 Constitution as provided in,Richard Sakwa, Russian Politics and Society, London: Routledge, 1996, pp. 395–429.27 Rossiiskaya Gazeta, 9 December 2003.