IndexAbkhasiya 59, 60, 62Afanasyev, Mikhail N. 55Aspaturian, Vernon 27Bermeo, Nancy 25, 50Beslan 1, 106, 109, 116, 285Birch, Anthony 25Bunce, Valerie 50bus<strong>in</strong>ess associations 187–8bus<strong>in</strong>ess elites 184, 185, 187, 190, 191,192, 194, 198, <strong>and</strong> governors 191–205; <strong>in</strong> regional assemblies 189, 191Chechnya 8, 43, 44, 46, 61, 62, 63, 68,72, 75, 76, 107, 135city districts 231–2, 238, 242, 284communitarianism 153corporatism 189-91Dahl 190Ekater<strong>in</strong>burg: data on 207–8; StategicPlan 213–16Elazar, Daniel 59electoral commissions: 140, 259, 287;politicization of 299–301electoral deposits 129, 138electoral systems 12, 120, 122, 126, 155,156, 162–3, 170, 176, 285–6, 288–9,297; see alsomunicipal elections, regional electionselectoral vertical 284, 301ethnic groups: 43, 55, 57, 58, 60–64;autochthonous 60, 67, 70, 71.elitism 190–1étatism 189–91federal barga<strong>in</strong> 26, 35–7, 49Federal Treaty 32, 33, 89, 208<strong>Federalism</strong>: asymmetrical 3, 8, 18,46–9, 55, 56, 60, 86; Austrian39–40; Belgian 43-44, 47-48;Canadian, 46, 47; De-federalization55, 72, 75, 78; <strong>and</strong> democracy 55,72–6, 106, 116–17; <strong>and</strong> ethnicity68–72; fiscal 86–7; German 47,48; Indian 40, 43–4, 47, 48;Malaysian 40–1, 43, 44, 45;Nigerian 40, 41, 43, 45-6; Sovietlegacy 26–9, 32, 43, 49Federation Council 9, 54, 64, 69, 82, 96,106, 108, 120, 140, 174, 276, 297Fillipov 44, 62Friedrich, Carl 29Georgia 59, 60Gligich-Zolotareva, Milena 101Goble, Paul 55Governors: appo<strong>in</strong>ted by Put<strong>in</strong> 4,9, 38, 76, 82, 106–117, 202-3, 264,286; biographies of 193–5;bus<strong>in</strong>essmen 191–5; <strong>and</strong> mayors117, 207–23, 257–8, 264, 274–5,276, 296–8Hahn, Gordon 73–4, 82He<strong>in</strong>emann-Grüder, Andreas 33, 36, 38,42, 43Historic <strong>in</strong>stitutionalism 122Hough, Jerry F. 16K<strong>in</strong>g, Preston 34Konitzer, Andrew 108Koniuchova, Ir<strong>in</strong>a 59Kozak, Dmitry 13, 59, 200, 252, 264,268–70, 273, 278–9, 284Kozak Commission 254, 263, 264–70,278–80, 284
306 IndexLank<strong>in</strong>a, Tomila 289Law on Combat<strong>in</strong>g Extremist Activity137Law on Political Parties 130, 285Leks<strong>in</strong>, Vladimir 86, 88<strong>Local</strong> elections: turnout 259<strong>Local</strong>-self government; delegated tasks234-5; European Charter of 242;f<strong>in</strong>ance of 240–41, 252, 258; head ofmunicipality 236–9; local councils235–6; numbers of 232, 256; powersof 228-9, 232–4, 254–5; publicperceptions of 258-9; rights ofcitizens <strong>in</strong> 235; statesization 234–5,239–40; societal concept of 250;structure 231–2;managerialists 7, 8, 11, 15Matheson, Thornton 86Matsuzato, Kimitaka 276Mayors: 106, 158, 186, 210, 298;appo<strong>in</strong>tment of 112, 117, 276;election of 235, 237, 238, 241, 251,257–8; <strong>and</strong> governors 210-211, 257–8,264, 274, 277-8; harassment of 222,257–8, 297–8; <strong>in</strong> Kozak Commission267; party membership 296merger of regions: ethnic dimensions of97–8; law on 83; list of 84;prerequisites for 87-8;monetization of benefits 14, 265,268–70municipal districts 98-9, 231–4, 236,239, 242, 256, 259, 270, 284, 288,289, 290–1, 300municipal elections: 221, 287;c<strong>and</strong>idates <strong>in</strong> 289–90; dom<strong>in</strong>ance ofUnited <strong>Russia</strong> 292, 294–6; electoralsystems 288-9; manipulation of298–9; party membership of 292;turnout 290, 291, 293; votes aga<strong>in</strong>stall 291–3national-cultural autonomy 66neo-<strong>in</strong>stitutionalism 155, 186new centralism 5North Osetiya-Alaniya 61, 62, 73, 109OPS Uralmash 209, 214–21Ordeshook 15political representation 150, 154, 163,168, 176polpredy 10, 74, 200Puzanov, Aleks<strong>and</strong>r 259Ragoz<strong>in</strong>a, Liudmilla 259rational choice theory 151, 154, 157,184–6regional elections: blocks <strong>in</strong> 124–5,129, 135–6, 285; gubernatorial106–11, 113, 116; managed 109–10,134; oust<strong>in</strong>g of party lists from126, 134, 139–42; PR electoralsystem 120, 122–3, 285-6;registration of c<strong>and</strong>idates 129,138; terms 110–11, 113, 114, 180;turnout 137-8, 287; <strong>in</strong> Sverdlovsk209–10, 217–21; thresholds 120,129, 137, 285; votes aga<strong>in</strong>st all135, 287Riker, William 29, 35, 36, 37, 49.Rob<strong>in</strong>son, Neil 270, 272, 273, 274, 275.Sakwa, Richard 31, 49, 275.Schedler, Andreas 301Schumpeter 155, 185, 190self-governmentalists 7, 8, 11–12, 14.Shvetsova, Olga 15, 62Slider, Darrell 257South Osetiya 59, 60, 62Sovereignty: 19, 31, 32, 46, 55, 56, 58,67, 76; divided 58Smith, Graham 31, 36, 43.Stepan, Alfred 36Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn 8, 49Sverdlovsk Region: data on 207–8Turovskii, Rostislav 87Urals Republic 208-9Utilitarians 7, 8, 12, 13Veshnyakov, Aleks<strong>and</strong>r 285, 300, 301Wheare, K. C. 40Wilson, Kenneth 286, 287Zemstvos 13, 14, 229, 249, 275Zubarevich, Natalia 92, 101
- Page 4 and 5:
9 Soviet Music and Societyunder Len
- Page 6:
40 Political and Social Thought inP
- Page 9 and 10:
First published 2009by Routledge2 P
- Page 11 and 12:
xContents8 The representation of bu
- Page 13 and 14:
List of contributorsMichael Burgess
- Page 15 and 16:
PrefaceThe chapters in this volume
- Page 17 and 18:
AcknowledgementsCameron Ross would
- Page 19 and 20:
2 Vladimir Gel'manconclusions on th
- Page 21 and 22:
4 Vladimir Gel'man• Recentralizat
- Page 23 and 24:
6 Vladimir Gel'manthat they themsel
- Page 25 and 26:
8 Vladimir Gel'manprevent unity of
- Page 27 and 28:
10 Vladimir Gel'manMeans and endsTh
- Page 29 and 30:
12 Vladimir Gel'manthe whole they s
- Page 31 and 32:
14 Vladimir Gel'manamendments, know
- Page 33 and 34:
16 Vladimir Gel'manfrom above; the
- Page 35 and 36:
18 Vladimir Gel'manfall in the aver
- Page 37 and 38:
20 Vladimir Gel'mancentralism’ co
- Page 39 and 40:
22 Vladimir Gel'man27 Douglass Nort
- Page 41 and 42:
24 Vladimir Gel'man78 Gel'man, Ryze
- Page 43 and 44:
26 Michael Burgesssuccessor, the Ru
- Page 45 and 46:
28 Michael Burgessthese remarks are
- Page 47 and 48:
30 Michael BurgessThe legacy of Sov
- Page 49 and 50:
32 Michael Burgessintensive constit
- Page 51 and 52:
34 Michael Burgess‘federalism’
- Page 53 and 54:
36 Michael Burgessriding postilion.
- Page 55 and 56:
38 Michael Burgesstradition that al
- Page 57 and 58:
40 Michael BurgessAustrian federati
- Page 59 and 60:
42 Michael Burgess3 Ethnic diversit
- Page 61 and 62:
44 Michael Burgesswhile the Walloon
- Page 63 and 64:
46 Michael Burgessmany constituent
- Page 65 and 66:
48 Michael Burgessthe special arran
- Page 67 and 68:
50 Michael Burgessmodified version
- Page 69 and 70:
52 Michael Burgess30 Riker, p. 39.
- Page 71 and 72:
3 Federal discourses, minority righ
- Page 73 and 74:
56 Andreas Heinemann-Grüderthe Yel
- Page 75 and 76:
58 Andreas Heinemann-GrüderPutin
- Page 77 and 78:
60 Andreas Heinemann-GrüderDuma La
- Page 79 and 80:
62 Andreas Heinemann-Grüderscatter
- Page 81 and 82:
64 Andreas Heinemann-GrüderThe sit
- Page 83 and 84:
66 Andreas Heinemann-Grüderis not
- Page 85 and 86:
68 Andreas Heinemann-GrüderMany re
- Page 87 and 88:
70 Andreas Heinemann-Grüder‘harm
- Page 89 and 90:
72 Andreas Heinemann-Grüderstating
- Page 91 and 92:
74 Andreas Heinemann-GrüderHahn’
- Page 93 and 94:
76 Andreas Heinemann-Grüdercounter
- Page 95 and 96:
78 Andreas Heinemann-Grüderreconfi
- Page 97 and 98:
80 Andreas Heinemann-Grüder30 Inte
- Page 99 and 100:
4 Unification as a political projec
- Page 101 and 102:
Table 4.2 Timetable of regional mer
- Page 103 and 104:
86 Oksana Orachevamaking more effec
- Page 105 and 106:
88 Oksana Orachevathrough a referen
- Page 107 and 108:
90 Oksana Orachevaargue that by the
- Page 109 and 110:
92 Oksana OrachevaThus, long before
- Page 111 and 112:
94 Oksana Orachevaand the Okrug. 39
- Page 113 and 114:
96 Oksana Orachevafor the merger, a
- Page 115 and 116:
98 Oksana Orachevamerger. As Yuri S
- Page 117 and 118:
100 Oksana Orachevaethnic identity
- Page 119 and 120:
102 Oksana Orachevaassemblies in th
- Page 121 and 122:
104 Oksana Oracheva28 Sergey Ilyin,
- Page 123 and 124:
5 Putin and the election of regiona
- Page 125 and 126:
108 Darrell SliderBashkortostan add
- Page 127 and 128:
110 Darrell Slidergovernors were of
- Page 129 and 130:
112 Darrell SliderPutin’s new pow
- Page 131 and 132:
114 Darrell Sliderin turn takes ins
- Page 133 and 134:
116 Darrell Sliderpolitical experie
- Page 135 and 136:
118 Darrell Sliderappointed represe
- Page 137 and 138:
6 Electoral reforms and democratiza
- Page 139 and 140:
122 Aleksandr KynevThis phenomenon
- Page 141 and 142:
124 Aleksandr Kynevvoluntarily), ni
- Page 143 and 144:
126 Aleksandr Kyneveverywhere the p
- Page 145 and 146:
128 Aleksandr Kynevregions where el
- Page 147 and 148:
130 Aleksandr Kynevthe Federation h
- Page 149 and 150:
Table 6.3 Election to legislative a
- Page 151 and 152:
134 Aleksandr Kynevgovernors came t
- Page 153 and 154:
136 Aleksandr KynevLebedev), the Ru
- Page 155 and 156:
138 Aleksandr Kynevof the total of
- Page 157 and 158:
140 Aleksandr Kynevcases it was for
- Page 159 and 160:
142 Aleksandr Kynevsubmitted, but n
- Page 161 and 162:
144 Aleksandr KynevOn the other han
- Page 163 and 164:
146 Aleksandr Kynevparliament in Ty
- Page 165 and 166:
148 Aleksandr Kynevgovernors and re
- Page 167 and 168:
7 Russian political parties and reg
- Page 169 and 170:
152 Petr Panovmajoritarianism (‘t
- Page 171 and 172:
154 Petr Panov(deputies) who are en
- Page 173 and 174:
156 Petr Panovresult, the incentive
- Page 175 and 176:
Table 7.1 The share of party deputi
- Page 177 and 178:
Table 7.2The share of party deputie
- Page 179 and 180:
162 Petr Panov1 ‘Autocracy’ (a
- Page 181 and 182:
164 Petr Panovhalf the seats in the
- Page 183 and 184:
166 Petr PanovTable 7.3Effective nu
- Page 185 and 186:
168 Petr Panovactor. Therefore, the
- Page 187 and 188:
170 Petr PanovThe years 2003-4 beca
- Page 189 and 190:
172 Petr PanovVladimir Nelyubin, pu
- Page 191 and 192:
174 Petr Panovby the previous ‘el
- Page 193 and 194:
176 Petr PanovIn addition, the hete
- Page 195 and 196:
178 Petr PanovFirst cycleelectionsS
- Page 197 and 198:
180 Petr PanovFor Volgograd Oblast
- Page 199 and 200:
182 Petr Panov37 M. Laakso and R. T
- Page 201 and 202:
8 The representation of business el
- Page 203 and 204:
186 Rostislav TurovskiiAt the same
- Page 205 and 206:
188 Rostislav Turovskiientrepreneur
- Page 207 and 208:
190 Rostislav Turovskiibusiness in
- Page 209 and 210:
192 Rostislav Turovskiirepresentati
- Page 211 and 212:
194 Rostislav Turovskiiand was sent
- Page 213 and 214:
196 Rostislav Turovskiiper cent of
- Page 215 and 216:
198 Rostislav Turovskiiof sociologi
- Page 217 and 218:
200 Rostislav TurovskiiAs governors
- Page 219 and 220:
202 Rostislav Turovskiicompany. Thi
- Page 221 and 222:
204 Rostislav TurovskiiNominating f
- Page 223 and 224:
206 Rostislav Turovskii14 Budargin
- Page 225 and 226:
208 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 227 and 228:
210 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 229 and 230:
212 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 231 and 232:
214 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 233 and 234:
216 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 235 and 236:
218 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 237 and 238:
220 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 239 and 240:
222 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 241 and 242:
224 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 243 and 244:
226 Elena Denezhkina and Adrian Cam
- Page 245 and 246:
228 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 247 and 248:
230 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 249 and 250:
232 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 251 and 252:
234 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 253 and 254:
236 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 255 and 256:
238 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 257 and 258:
240 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 259 and 260:
242 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 261 and 262:
244 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 263 and 264:
246 Hellmut Wollmann and Elena Grit
- Page 265 and 266:
11 Russia’s elusive pursuit of ba
- Page 267 and 268:
250 John F. Youngcentre. This is on
- Page 269 and 270:
252 John F. Youngcommonly, however,
- Page 271 and 272: 254 John F. Youngcounter-reform. Th
- Page 273 and 274: 256 John F. Younglegislative acts o
- Page 275 and 276: 258 John F. Youngplay behind these
- Page 277 and 278: 260 John F. Youngbeen weakened in i
- Page 279 and 280: 262 John F. Young24 Vladimir Gel'ma
- Page 281 and 282: 264 Vertical or triangle?alleged mi
- Page 283 and 284: 266 Vertical or triangle?The Kozak
- Page 285 and 286: 268 Vertical or triangle?critics of
- Page 287 and 288: 270 Vertical or triangle?would be n
- Page 289 and 290: 272 Vertical or triangle?law-based
- Page 291 and 292: 274 Vertical or triangle?difficult
- Page 293 and 294: 276 Vertical or triangle?and the go
- Page 295 and 296: 278 Vertical or triangle?Given that
- Page 297 and 298: 280 Vertical or triangle?In conclus
- Page 299 and 300: 282 Vertical or triangle?szelenyi60
- Page 301 and 302: 13 Municipal elections and electora
- Page 303 and 304: 286 Cameron RossPutin the new PR sy
- Page 305 and 306: 288 Cameron RossElections of chairs
- Page 307 and 308: 290 Cameron Rosshaving to submit a
- Page 309 and 310: 292 Cameron RossMunicipal Raion in
- Page 311 and 312: 294 Cameron Ross80 per cent of the
- Page 313 and 314: 296 Cameron RossParty competition w
- Page 315 and 316: 298 Cameron RossDonskoi has stated
- Page 317 and 318: 300 Cameron Rossdominated by member
- Page 319 and 320: 302 Cameron Ross10 Vladimr Putin,
- Page 321: 304 Cameron Ross67 Laura Belin, ‘