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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL INNON.RICE CROPS Napompeth, B. 1981. (ed.) Abstract, Proc. Nat. Conf. on Progress of Biological Control in Thailand. NBCRC, NRCT & Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok. 29 pp. Napompeth, 13. 1982. Biological control research and development in Thailand. Proc. Intl. Conf. Plant Prot. in Tropics, pp. 301-323. Napompeth, B. 1983. Final report on the consultancy in rice entomology and biological control in Vietnam. UNDP/FAO, Hanoi. 25 pp. Napompeth, B. 1984. Report on the FAO consultancy in cotton development project on integrated pest management of cotton pests in Vietnam. UNDP/FAO, Hanoi. 21 pp. Napompeth, B. 1985. Distribution and economic importance of teliothis spp. in Southeast Asia including a listing and assessment of the importance of their natural enemies and host plants. Proc. Int. Ileliothis Meeting. New Delhi, India (in press). Napompeth, B. 1986. Final report on FAO consultancy on biological control in Vietnam. UNDP/FAO, Hanoi. 68 pp. Napompeth, B. 1987. Biological control and integrated pest control in the tropics - an overview. Memorie di Scienze Fisiche e Naturali. Scrie V, Vol. XI, Parte It. pp. 415-428. Nickel, J.L. 1979. Annotated list of insects and mites associated with crops in Cambodia. SEARCA, College, Laguna, Philippines. 75 pp. Ooi, P.A.C., Lim, G.S., Khoo, S.G. 1979. Biological control in Malaysia, pp. 1-35. In Strategies in plant protection. MAPPS, Kuala Lumpur. Rao, V.P., Ghani, M.A., Sankaran, T., Mathur, K.C. 1971. A review of the biological control of insects and other pests in Southeast Asia and the Pacific region. Tech. Comm. No. 6. CIBC, CAB. Slough. 149 pp. Sailer, R.I. 1980. Personal communication. Sailer, R.I. 1981. Extent of biological control and cultural control of insect pests of crops, pp. 57-67. In Handbook of pest management in agricultur ed. D. Pimentel, Vol. II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. van de Laan, P \. 1981. L.G.E. Kalshoven's Pests of crops in Indonesia, P.T. Ichtar Baru 'an Hoeve, Jakarta, 701 pp. Yunus, A. and Balasubramnaniam, A. 1975. Major crop pests in peninsular Malaysia. Min. Agri. & Rural Dev., Malaysia. Agri. Div. Bull. No. 138. 182 pp. 129
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CORN STALK BORER IN THE PHILIPPINES L. C. Tran-Gruber GTZ/PGCPP-Biolab, Bureau of Plant Industry 692 San Andrcs Street, Malate, Metro Manila Philippines One of the factors limiting corn production in Southeast Asia is the Asian Corn Stalk Borer Ostrinia furnacalisGuence. The promising effect of Trichogratnma evanescens Westw. on corn stalk borer in the Philippines in 1983-1984, with 40-76.9% parasitism having been obtained at six locations (Tran & Hassan 1984) led to further studies on biological control of corn stalk borer, in particular the performance of 7". evanescens against O.furnacalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 7'. evanescens was mass-reared mainly on eggs of Sitotroga cereatellaand partly on Corcyra cephalonica. The parasitized host eggs were glued on cardboards (1 x 6 cm) with 1,500-2,000 eggs per card. Trichogramma was inundatively released at 200,000 parasitoids per release when the first corn stalk borer eggmasses were found in the ficld. The distance between two release points was 7-10 in and between plots was 50,-100 m. The number of releases varied between two and five per cropping season. Monitoring of parasitism was conducted before the first release and at 7-10 day intervals after the release. The control plot was also monitored for possible natural parasitism. The dissection of 100 plants per treatment, taken at random from the two plots for larvae, pupae, and entrance holes of corn stalk borers was made one week prior to harvest to verify the effect of Trichogramrna. Concurrently, a survey of Trichogrammnaparasitism was conducted in the areas where Trichograinmahad been released in previous years to determine the extent of Trichograltrnaoccurrence in the field(s). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS In 1983, the lowest parasitism recorded was 40% in the released field (Tran & Hassan 1984). There was no single parasitized eggmass observed prior to the introduction of T. evanescens. Table I (Tran et al. 1986) shows the average parasitism obtained at different locations in the Philippines. The trend of parasitism was to increase over the years from 1983-1985, and to decrease in 1986. The low parasitism especially in Tacurong (32.2%) could be related to low corn borer population, which was only 0.6 eggmasses per plant at 51 days after planting (DAP), and possibly to the poor quality of Trichogrammareleased (in terms of sex ratio, % parasitism and % emergence).
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Pesticide Managemen and Integrated
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Correct citation: P. S.Teng and K.,
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IPM DEVELOPMENT Crop protection and
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A comparative study on the occupati
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PREFACE The Southeast Asi-n region
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUIURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR P'STICIDE ,MANAGEM
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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1UI'RE NEEDS FOR PIESTICIDF MA NAGI
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1:1-FURT: NEED'I)S FOR PF.SII1)" MA
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14 PI-S'IlCIDE MANAGIEMENT AND 1PM
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16 Il-'IICIDE MANA(C;I-N'I AND IPM
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18 PF1STnCIDF MANAGEMENT AND IPM 1:
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OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
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Table 2. List of some of the major
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS ININDONTSIA 25
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2. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE IPM ON FOOD
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[IM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 33
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IMPLEI MENTATION Cost Objectives IP
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 37
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 39
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 4 1
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4.4 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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46 PESTCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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Table 1continued Variety Maturity N
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50 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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52 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM IN SO
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54 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENTI AND IPM IN
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56 PES'IiCIDE MANAGIEMI/N'I AND 1PM
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5X iILPI1CiDI: NANA;I-\II AND 1PM I
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6G PESI1CIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM INS
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02 PI:SICIDIANAGIME-T AND I, INSOUI
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64 PESTiCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INS
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THE ROLE OF INSECTICIDES IN RICE IP
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ROLE OF INSE-TICIDES INRICE IPM SYS
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ROLE OF INSETICIDES INRICE I1'M SYS
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FEASIBILITY OF USING LOCALLY PRODUC
Page 81 and 82: USE OFB 1"J CONTROL IROPICAL INSECr
Page 83 and 84: USE OF BI TO CONTROL'TROPICAL INSEC
Page 85 and 86: USE OF Bt TO CONrOIROLTOPICAL INS E
Page 87 and 88: USE OF B TO CONTROL'IROPICAL INSECT
Page 89 and 90: 84 PFS'I1CID MANAGEMFN'I AND IPM IN
Page 91 and 92: 86 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 95 and 96: 90 PI:S'ICIDE MANAGI'ENTIIN AND HPM
Page 97 and 98: 92 PI-iCIDE ,MANAGEMENTr AND IPM IN
Page 99 and 100: DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION CONTROL THRES
Page 101 and 102: DEVELOPMflr r OF ACTION CONTROL TIR
Page 103 and 104: DEVEOPMENr OF ACTION CONTROL TIRESI
Page 105 and 106: DEVE.OPMENT OF ACTION CONTROLmTIIRE
Page 107 and 108: ECONOMICS OF INTEGRATED PEST CONTRO
Page 109 and 110: Increase innet return (S/ho) 30 25
Page 111 and 112: Table 3. Possible negative impact o
Page 113 and 114: ECONOMICS OFIPC IN RICE IN SOUTIIlE
Page 115 and 116: ECONOMICS OF IPC IN RICE INSOUTIEAS
Page 117 and 118: 114 PSTICIDE MANAGENTIr AND IPM IN
Page 119 and 120: 116 PES11CIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 121 and 122: 118 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 125 and 126: 122 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
Page 127 and 128: 124 PESTICIDE MANAGIEN-" AND nPM IN
Page 129 and 130: 126 PEI1CIDE MANAGIMENT AND IPM IN
Page 131: 128 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 135 and 136: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OFCORN STALK BOR
Page 137 and 138: CROP PROTECTION AND 1PM IN RAINFED
Page 139 and 140: IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSTEMS INN
Page 141 and 142: IPM IN RAINI:ED CROI iNC; SYSTE'IMS
Page 143 and 144: IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSIEMS IN
Page 145 and 146: 1PM IN RAINFIED CROPIPING SYS'I.IS
Page 147 and 148: I 4b IIk%1CII)E - MANAGIIj.NTI ANt)
Page 149 and 150: 148 PE3SIICtDEMANAGEMENI' AND IPM I
Page 151 and 152: 150 PFSTICII)E MANAG'MENTI" AND IIM
Page 153 and 154: 152 PESllCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 155 and 156: 154 PESTICIDE MANAGEMFNT AND IPM IN
Page 157 and 158: AN APPROACH TO INTEGRATED PEST MANA
Page 159 and 160: IPM AI'I V'IIlE.S OF TI tE PlIIAI'P
Page 161 and 162: no.&% 60 50 40 1PM ACTIVrI1S OF "I'
Page 163 and 164: IM ACI'IV1IS OF1TI III 111.1 11NI t
Page 165 and 166: 1PM ACT'IVrIIES O: TIlE II/P1 IILII
Page 167 and 168: IPM ACI'IVrll-S OF TI I 11 II.PlNE-
Page 169 and 170: ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF IPM: THE
Page 171 and 172: ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF 1PM 171 W
Page 173 and 174: ECONOMIC JIS'IFICATION OF PIIM173 W
Page 175 and 176: IPM ACTIVITIES IN SUGARCANE IN THAI
Page 177 and 178: HPM ACHIVITIES INSUGARCANI INTIIAIL
Page 179 and 180: Table 2. Comparison of investment c
Page 181 and 182: IPM ACTIVITIES IN COCONUT IN SOUTHE
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)M A(:I'IV'IIB.S INC(X:()N1S 183 co
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IPM ACI'VITIES IN COCONUTS 185 year
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON OIL PALM IN MALA
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IPEST MANAGEF.N'rON OI IPALM IhNMAL
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PI TFMANAGIEMI-\I'ON O11. IAIM INMA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PI'ST MANAGLMI .N'I' ON C(XXOA INMA
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IIST M,',ANAGEMpI'r ON COCO,', INMA
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P.ST MANAG!,MlNI" ON CCXTO)A IN MAA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PES' MANAGEMIN ON COCOA INMALAYSIA
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206 I'ES'ICIDI MANA(IMFIT AND IPMIN
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208 PESTICIDE MANAGI-2.MENT AND HPM
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210 PFS'I1CIDE MANAG[12EN' AND IPM
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21 - 1CIDI- MANAGI.MI-NT AND IPM IN
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Table 2. Effect of different insect
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Table 3. Comparative economics of d
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220 IP'FCID:IMANAGMENT AND HPM IN S
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222 PFuS'IICIDE MANAGFMI'NT' AND IP
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224 PESTICIDE MANAGIEMEN'I' AND 1PM
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2 26 I'S'lCII)EIIMANAGFMI'NT"AND IP
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228 PESTICIDE MANAGENENT AND IPM IN
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230 P.STICIDE MANAGEMIN I'AND IM IN
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232 IESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND fPM IN
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234 PESTICIDIF MIANAGI:.EN' AND 1PM
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236 I. S'EI1CI1)- MANAGtMI/NT' AND
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I 0 af VV4' ~ . f). IC AI ~ 1U 8 '8
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240 PES'I1CIDE MANAGFMEN'"I' AND IP
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242 tl-S'(ll.E MANAGIMI-NI AND IPM
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244 PESTICIDE MANAGEMI-Nt' AND IPM
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APPENDIX I continued__ Pest 1.6 Zig
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APPENDIX I continued Pest 3. Rats (
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APPENDIX I continued Pest Sampling
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252 PE."ST'IICIDI- MANAGEMI-ENT AND
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254 PESICIDE MANAGFMAENT AND [PM IN
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OVERVIEW OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PR
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PISICIDE R3SISTANCE PROILEMS INSOU1
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PII'S'IICIDI" RESISTAN(J- IROBI.I[M
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lI.S'I1CIDEi RFSISIANCI- IIROIII.I'
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Insect Rice insect pcst Nilaparvata
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APPENDIX I continued Insect Insect
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271 Pt-5ICIDI- MANA(;I\I-' AN) 1PM
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272 7 cb2ol:\1ANA { \I:\ AND PM IN
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274 PESICDE MANAG-MENT AND 11M IN S
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276 Pt:S'ICIDF MANAGI-I' AND IIM IN
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PROBLEMS N. Si
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Percent Control Figure 1. Trend of
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1'ESTICIDE RISISTANCE PROBLEMS IN T
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE PHILIPP
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PSTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TIME PHILIPP
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE INTIlE PHILIPP
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292 PE'STICIDE MANAGMitwr AND IPM I
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294 PESTICIDE MANAGEmr[ ENT AND IM
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE: THE REALITIES
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PFESlICIDE RIEISTANCE: TILE REALIES
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HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE USE OF PE
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IEALTH LAZARDS OF PESIfCIDE USE INI
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IEALTII IhAZARDS OF PESTICIDE USE I
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IIEALIII HAZARDS OFPESrICIDE USE IN
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HEALTH HIAZARDS OF PESICIDE USE IN
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
314 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENr AND IPM IN
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Page 311 and 312:
318 PESTICIDJE MANAGIB-ENT AND IPM
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PESTICIDE POISONING STUDIES AND DAT
Page 315 and 316:
IEST1CIDE POISONING INTI1AILAND 323
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PESTICIDE POISONING: IMPROVING AND
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PESTICIDE POISONING IN SOUTiIEASTAS
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PE.STICIDE POISONING IN SOUhIIIEAST
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332 PfS'I1CID. MANAG6EMI'NTF AND I1
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334 PESICIDF .MANAGFR\WF.NT AND IPM
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336 P'ST:I1DIE MANAGF.MI N'IAND IPM
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338 PrsI1CID MANAGEI\WEN-r AND IPM
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340 III MANAGIPMNM' ANI 1PM IN SOUI
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THAILAND N. T
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PF;TICl)I:B RI'NIID I S iN I'IIJAIL
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PI-STICIDF RESIDUES IN TIIAILAND 3-
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35(0 PIS'ICIIE MANA(;IINI AND IPM I
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352 PESTICIDE MANAGEIEN'Ir AND HPM
Page 343 and 344:
354 PESTICIDE MANAGEMEN' AND IPM IN
Page 345 and 346:
356( I'FUsTICII).. MANAGt~I-MENT AN
Page 347 and 348:
358 PIESTICIDF MANAG:M'NT AND IM IN
Page 349 and 350:
360 PFTP0CIDE MANAGMMENF AND HPM IN
Page 351 and 352:
362 PFS'l1CJDF MANAGEMINT AND 1PM I
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364 PFS11CIDIMANAGI.MI:N'F AND IPM
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366 PFPSTICtDF IANAGLME1.N-r AND IP
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE TRIALS IN RICE IN
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t'ESI('IDiE RIsIRtIIS IN INt)NI SIA
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MONIT
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PMtI1CIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MoNrr
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Table 2 continued Crop and pesticid
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THE
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PES'I1CIDE RFSIDUES INfI-OD AND TIE
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PESTICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD ANDTIIE E
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PIS'IICIDI:RI-SIDLt.S INIOODANDTIIE
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PES1ICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD AND1IILEE
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PESICIDE RFSIDUFS INFOOD AND TIIEEN
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WHAT DO PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN
Page 381 and 382:
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN 11EIENVIRONME
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES INTIIlE EN VIRON
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I S11CID[E RSI I)UES INTIl E NVIRON
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MANUAL ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES UND
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDEI.HI)ANK-FINA
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER BANK-FINANC
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APPENDIX I continued USE OF PES'ICI
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OCCUPATI
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Table 1. Operator exposure (ml spra
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OCCUPATIONAL FIDPOSURE OF SPRAY WOR
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OCCUPATIONAT. TEIPOSI IRE OF SIRAY
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Dl-t-r 4 26t filtercaftirdme cast O
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418 PESI1CIDE MANAGIEMENr AND IPM I
Page 407 and 408:
420 PESTCIDE MANAGFMENI"r AND IPM I
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DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMI
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DE9IRUCtION OF PESTICIDE AND CIIEMI
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DISI'RtCI'ION 01 I[.SIICII)I" AND C
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DIgi'RLCI'ION O II'I1fCIDI)I ANI) C
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DESIRUCTION O1 PESTICIDE AND C1 IEM
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LOOKING FOR THAILAND'S "LOVE CANAL"
Page 421 and 422:
LOOKING FOR'I11AILAND'S LOVE CANAL"
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PESTICIDE PROBLEMS AND INDONESIAN N
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PFSTICIDE PROBLEMS AND NGO ACI'IVIT
Page 427 and 428:
4412 I)I'I(CII)F MANA( I-I' AN) 1PM
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444 Pt':S-c'iI[E M\IANAGMI'.11 .V A
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446 IPESTICIDtE MANAGEIENT AND I'M
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Table 1. Training program on the sa
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PESTICIDE SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRAM
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PESTICII)E SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRA
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I-STICIDt SA-E USTRAIN1NG PROGRAMS
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TRAINING THE TRAINER BY INDUSTRY E.
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TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN THAIL
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TRAIN-TIlE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN TIIA
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PESTICIDE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMS
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DURATION 45-60 min. 60-90 min. 120
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PIESTICIDIE SAI.IY '[RAINING PROGRA
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470 IPESTICIDL: MANAGFMI:NI' AND HP
Page 455 and 456:
472 PFIS1CIDF NANA(;ILMI.N'F AND HP
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