and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

152 PESllCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN SOUI IEAST ASIA
NEEDEID COURSE OF ACTION
I aving id(-nIIIled the main factors obstructing the development and adoption
of 1PM for DBM,it now beConies clcarer what actions are needed to help
overcome the prmhlem. The steps to be taken are variable depending on existing
conditiens in lhe difTerent Soutlieast A:iam countries. Neverthcless, the
following course of action can be generally applied.
Research Consideration
Sell-regulating proccsscs to maintain stability must be present for an IPM
program to have maximum and long-lasting impact. As with most
pests,
other
DBM
insect
has its share of flcctive biocontrol
role (Ooi
agents
1979,
that
Lim
can
1986).
well satisfy
In many
this
countries outside the
reg
Southeast
ion and
Asian
in at least one country (Indonesia) in Southeast Asia, the pau'asitoid
DBM
of
Dia hma euccrophapil lorstm. (I lyim: Ichneumonidac),
its
has
ability
demonstrated
to suppress D13NI populations to non-pest levels. Several other
species have also shown promising potentiai - Cotesia phellae Kurdj.(Hym:
Braconidae), '"hyraceila collaris (Grav.),
and tie ichneumonids Diadegma
fenesiralis Ilol ngren and Diadeginainsularis (Cresson).
Presently, not all ihese species occur throughoult the
region.
Southeast
Their
Asian
absence, to a large extent, is the major reason for the
naltural
lack of
control of DlNI and hciice the developmient of a strong
insecticidal
dependence
comrol.
on
Introduction of these species into areas where
absent
they are
5should, Iferefore, be an important first step to developing
program.
an
By
IPM
broadening the ecological base, not only will inherent stability
he ecosystem
of
be enhanced, but also the potential for developing integrated
techniques.
Research on tile DBM needs to be pursued with a holistic perspective,
to ensure
and,
practical impact it must also involve close collaboration
While
with
specialist
farmers.
IPM research needs to be continued and strongly
aCeLuate
supported,
effort must be directed to involve growers in order to establish those
elements of IIIM that are likely to be useful ill practice.
Although many social and marketing f'actors inlfluence pest control
and
decisions
actions of farmiers, very little is known of this aspect.
research
DBM management
has to date been centered only on biological aspects. However,
IPM technology
since
adoption extends weli beyond this, studies mnust
ilitiated
now
to
be
cover Ihe areas peraining to better understanding of the
as
f'arnier,
his knowledge,
such
perception, attitude, and practice relating to
from
DBM.
these
Arising
will then be a truer understanding of the farmers' aspirations
constraining
and
factors, leading to a likely improvement in communicative
processes for translating
It
IPM
is only
flbr adoption.
recently that IPM has been established to be feasible for
albeit
the DBM,
on a limited scale. More widespread efforts are needed, with
studies
feasibility
carried out over more locations within different countries.
succcsslul
More
trials confirming that IPM can be feasible for DBM would
assure
greatly
research and extension personnel of the validity of such an approach.