and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

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40 I8S P-T151): MANA(;I iN-I' AND IPM IN SOUTIIASI' ASIA Group (OPRG), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, United Kingdom, for the measurement of potential exposure of spray operators using tracer dyes such as lissainine green, orange G or \Vaxoline red '0'. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OPRG method using lissamine because green it was was selected relatively for simple this study and adequately exposure of sensitive. spray workers Potential to dermal pesticides amount was established of any pesticide by determining used that will the be deposited a measured on the period. workers' Spray clothes workers over were covered dressed with in normal patches, working folded clothes in h,.df, of (Tyvek®). 20 x 10 cm Each spun-bonded worker had polyethylene 19 oi' these in patches Appendix fixed I, about to various 10% parts of the as total shown body were surface worn for area. the Clean measurement cotton gloves of contamination attempt of was their made hands. to However, measure the no penetration of spray solutions through opcrators' the clothes. Inhalation exposure was determined standard by providing half-face each respiiator spray worker where with the a filter had been modified as shown Appendix in 11. Six spray workers were engaged to the carry spraying, out this two study. for each Four of workers the knapsack did two and mixed the SD and sprayers, supplied while the the spray other solutions as is normally practiced plantations in several in this The country. Micron Herbi 77® fitted with equipment a red restrictor in this was study. used This as the was SD compared hydraulic with knapsack the 10-liter sprayer non-motorized fitted with a 7/(4 adjustable fan jet nozzle, commonly which used is for herbicide application. Spray solutions containing of pestlcides. lissamine The dye green was were preweighed used in and this given :tudy in to place the spray mixers solutions who prepared and filled the of their the respective spray solutions spray equipment. were approximately The concentrations 0.4% 0.02% for for the the SD knapsack srrayers. sprayers These and concentrations were selected to facilitate analysis. The spray workers then carried rubber out inter-row trees. strip Those spraying using knapsack among sprayers young lance to walked widen forward their waving swath width. the spray Since the weeds conjugatum, (mainly Ottochloa Paspalum nodosa, and spots of in Mikania high, the sp.) SD were sprayers about 0.6 were to 0.75 carried on the downwards operators' in shoulders front as recommended. slanting This about whole an hour's operation effective was spray carried time out each for become day for excessively three days. wet Patches were which replaced had with the fresh patches, ones. which At the had end been of each placed day in laboratory marked plastic for extraction bags, were and brought analysis to of the the tracer onto them. dye that Extraction had been was deposited clone using appropriate indistilled quantities water. of The 10% extracts v/v acetone were then filtered through membrane filters (pore
Table 1. Operator exposure (ml spray solution per hour). Operator Day 1 KS-1 KS-2 SD-I SD-2 MIXER-KS MIXER-SD Day 2 KS-1 KS-2 SD-1 SD-2 MIXER-KS MIXER-SD Dav 3 KS-1 KS-2 SD-I SD-2 MIXER-KS MIXER-SD Head & Body neck front 1.32 .041 .072 .520 .055 .044 .0016 .021 .0018 .439 .0017 .0057 .113 .298 .114 .251 .025 .089 .028 .025 .056 1.02 .0006 .0068 .059 .434 .072 .246 .0038 .0519 .0028 .0757 .068 .483 .0026 .0051 KS = knapsack, SD = spinning disc. Body back 3.77 1.04 .270 .020 .082 .0055 3.73 5.33 1.32 .484 .266 .0032 1.52 .377 .047 3.88 .466 .0057 Thigh front 2.39 .217 .386 1.37 1.25 .0008 5.68 .580 .902 .255 .479 .0086 .833 1.13 .886 .090 .860 .011 Thigh back 1.07 1.11 .018 .010 .053 .0025 .239 2.53 2.18 .033 .877 .0016 .623 .332 .151 1.64 .315 .0055 Arms .368 .228 .093 .024 .015 .0041 .567 .668 .033 .0056 .280 .0028 .436 .245 .028 .037 .401 .0064 Leg front 20.03 16.94 28.96 27.63 .275 .0016 18.14 13.30 27.79 32.69 1.04 .017 7.29 11.24 15.46 22.87 .286 .0032 Leg back 1.013 .663 .213 .090 .017 .0006 3.25 1.69 .874 1.92 .576 .0015 1.45 1.37 1.44 2.02 .394 .0044 Hard right 2.25 1.14 .980 .017 13.84 .058 1.27 3.08 4.80 .048 10.21 .401 13.44 .715 .016 2.77 20.31 .099 HRid left 1.50 2.74 1.15 .100 20.31 .037 3.00 2.42 3.03 .072 33.86 .226 .0065 .760 .450 .684 4.41 .065 Nose .0010 .0012 .0026 .0047 .0039 .0047 .0066 .0058 .0001 .0001 .0063 .0002 .0039 .0038 .0002 .0002 .0053 .0002 Whole body 33.75 24.67 32.17 29.29 36.29 .12 36.29 29.70 41.04 35.56 48.67 .67 26.10 16.50 18.53 34.07 28.00 .21 C,- X ..4
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Pesticide Managemen and Integrated
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Correct citation: P. S.Teng and K.,
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IPM DEVELOPMENT Crop protection and
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A comparative study on the occupati
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PREFACE The Southeast Asi-n region
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUIURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR P'STICIDE ,MANAGEM
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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1UI'RE NEEDS FOR PIESTICIDF MA NAGI
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1:1-FURT: NEED'I)S FOR PF.SII1)" MA
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14 PI-S'IlCIDE MANAGIEMENT AND 1PM
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16 Il-'IICIDE MANA(C;I-N'I AND IPM
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18 PF1STnCIDF MANAGEMENT AND IPM 1:
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OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
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Table 2. List of some of the major
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS ININDONTSIA 25
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2. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE IPM ON FOOD
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[IM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 33
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IMPLEI MENTATION Cost Objectives IP
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 37
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 39
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 4 1
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4.4 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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46 PESTCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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Table 1continued Variety Maturity N
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50 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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52 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM IN SO
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54 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENTI AND IPM IN
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56 PES'IiCIDE MANAGIEMI/N'I AND 1PM
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5X iILPI1CiDI: NANA;I-\II AND 1PM I
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6G PESI1CIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM INS
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02 PI:SICIDIANAGIME-T AND I, INSOUI
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64 PESTiCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INS
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THE ROLE OF INSECTICIDES IN RICE IP
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ROLE OF INSE-TICIDES INRICE IPM SYS
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ROLE OF INSETICIDES INRICE I1'M SYS
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FEASIBILITY OF USING LOCALLY PRODUC
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USE OFB 1"J CONTROL IROPICAL INSECr
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USE OF BI TO CONTROL'TROPICAL INSEC
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USE OF Bt TO CONrOIROLTOPICAL INS E
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USE OF B TO CONTROL'IROPICAL INSECT
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84 PFS'I1CID MANAGEMFN'I AND IPM IN
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90 PI:S'ICIDE MANAGI'ENTIIN AND HPM
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92 PI-iCIDE ,MANAGEMENTr AND IPM IN
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DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION CONTROL THRES
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DEVELOPMflr r OF ACTION CONTROL TIR
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DEVEOPMENr OF ACTION CONTROL TIRESI
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DEVE.OPMENT OF ACTION CONTROLmTIIRE
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ECONOMICS OF INTEGRATED PEST CONTRO
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Increase innet return (S/ho) 30 25
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Table 3. Possible negative impact o
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ECONOMICS OFIPC IN RICE IN SOUTIIlE
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ECONOMICS OF IPC IN RICE INSOUTIEAS
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114 PSTICIDE MANAGENTIr AND IPM IN
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116 PES11CIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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118 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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122 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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124 PESTICIDE MANAGIEN-" AND nPM IN
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126 PEI1CIDE MANAGIMENT AND IPM IN
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CORN STALK BO
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OFCORN STALK BOR
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CROP PROTECTION AND 1PM IN RAINFED
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSTEMS INN
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IPM IN RAINI:ED CROI iNC; SYSTE'IMS
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSIEMS IN
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1PM IN RAINFIED CROPIPING SYS'I.IS
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I 4b IIk%1CII)E - MANAGIIj.NTI ANt)
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148 PE3SIICtDEMANAGEMENI' AND IPM I
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150 PFSTICII)E MANAG'MENTI" AND IIM
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152 PESllCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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154 PESTICIDE MANAGEMFNT AND IPM IN
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AN APPROACH TO INTEGRATED PEST MANA
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IPM AI'I V'IIlE.S OF TI tE PlIIAI'P
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no.&% 60 50 40 1PM ACTIVrI1S OF "I'
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IM ACI'IV1IS OF1TI III 111.1 11NI t
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1PM ACT'IVrIIES O: TIlE II/P1 IILII
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IPM ACI'IVrll-S OF TI I 11 II.PlNE-
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF IPM: THE
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF 1PM 171 W
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ECONOMIC JIS'IFICATION OF PIIM173 W
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN SUGARCANE IN THAI
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HPM ACHIVITIES INSUGARCANI INTIIAIL
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Table 2. Comparison of investment c
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN COCONUT IN SOUTHE
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)M A(:I'IV'IIB.S INC(X:()N1S 183 co
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IPM ACI'VITIES IN COCONUTS 185 year
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON OIL PALM IN MALA
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IPEST MANAGEF.N'rON OI IPALM IhNMAL
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PI TFMANAGIEMI-\I'ON O11. IAIM INMA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PI'ST MANAGLMI .N'I' ON C(XXOA INMA
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IIST M,',ANAGEMpI'r ON COCO,', INMA
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P.ST MANAG!,MlNI" ON CCXTO)A IN MAA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PES' MANAGEMIN ON COCOA INMALAYSIA
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206 I'ES'ICIDI MANA(IMFIT AND IPMIN
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208 PESTICIDE MANAGI-2.MENT AND HPM
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210 PFS'I1CIDE MANAG[12EN' AND IPM
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21 - 1CIDI- MANAGI.MI-NT AND IPM IN
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Table 2. Effect of different insect
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Table 3. Comparative economics of d
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220 IP'FCID:IMANAGMENT AND HPM IN S
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222 PFuS'IICIDE MANAGFMI'NT' AND IP
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224 PESTICIDE MANAGIEMEN'I' AND 1PM
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2 26 I'S'lCII)EIIMANAGFMI'NT"AND IP
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228 PESTICIDE MANAGENENT AND IPM IN
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230 P.STICIDE MANAGEMIN I'AND IM IN
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232 IESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND fPM IN
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234 PESTICIDIF MIANAGI:.EN' AND 1PM
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236 I. S'EI1CI1)- MANAGtMI/NT' AND
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I 0 af VV4' ~ . f). IC AI ~ 1U 8 '8
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240 PES'I1CIDE MANAGFMEN'"I' AND IP
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242 tl-S'(ll.E MANAGIMI-NI AND IPM
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244 PESTICIDE MANAGEMI-Nt' AND IPM
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APPENDIX I continued__ Pest 1.6 Zig
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APPENDIX I continued Pest 3. Rats (
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APPENDIX I continued Pest Sampling
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252 PE."ST'IICIDI- MANAGEMI-ENT AND
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254 PESICIDE MANAGFMAENT AND [PM IN
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OVERVIEW OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PR
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PISICIDE R3SISTANCE PROILEMS INSOU1
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PII'S'IICIDI" RESISTAN(J- IROBI.I[M
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lI.S'I1CIDEi RFSISIANCI- IIROIII.I'
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Insect Rice insect pcst Nilaparvata
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APPENDIX I continued Insect Insect
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271 Pt-5ICIDI- MANA(;I\I-' AN) 1PM
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272 7 cb2ol:\1ANA { \I:\ AND PM IN
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274 PESICDE MANAG-MENT AND 11M IN S
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276 Pt:S'ICIDF MANAGI-I' AND IIM IN
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PROBLEMS N. Si
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Percent Control Figure 1. Trend of
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1'ESTICIDE RISISTANCE PROBLEMS IN T
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE PHILIPP
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PSTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TIME PHILIPP
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE INTIlE PHILIPP
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292 PE'STICIDE MANAGMitwr AND IPM I
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294 PESTICIDE MANAGEmr[ ENT AND IM
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE: THE REALITIES
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PFESlICIDE RIEISTANCE: TILE REALIES
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HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE USE OF PE
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IEALTH LAZARDS OF PESIfCIDE USE INI
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IEALTII IhAZARDS OF PESTICIDE USE I
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IIEALIII HAZARDS OFPESrICIDE USE IN
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HEALTH HIAZARDS OF PESICIDE USE IN
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314 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENr AND IPM IN
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318 PESTICIDJE MANAGIB-ENT AND IPM
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PESTICIDE POISONING STUDIES AND DAT
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IEST1CIDE POISONING INTI1AILAND 323
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PESTICIDE POISONING: IMPROVING AND
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PESTICIDE POISONING IN SOUTiIEASTAS
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PE.STICIDE POISONING IN SOUhIIIEAST
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332 PfS'I1CID. MANAG6EMI'NTF AND I1
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334 PESICIDF .MANAGFR\WF.NT AND IPM
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336 P'ST:I1DIE MANAGF.MI N'IAND IPM
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338 PrsI1CID MANAGEI\WEN-r AND IPM
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340 III MANAGIPMNM' ANI 1PM IN SOUI
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THAILAND N. T
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PF;TICl)I:B RI'NIID I S iN I'IIJAIL
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PI-STICIDF RESIDUES IN TIIAILAND 3-
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35(0 PIS'ICIIE MANA(;IINI AND IPM I
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352 PESTICIDE MANAGEIEN'Ir AND HPM
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354 PESTICIDE MANAGEMEN' AND IPM IN
Page 345 and 346: 356( I'FUsTICII).. MANAGt~I-MENT AN
Page 347 and 348: 358 PIESTICIDF MANAG:M'NT AND IM IN
Page 349 and 350: 360 PFTP0CIDE MANAGMMENF AND HPM IN
Page 351 and 352: 362 PFS'l1CJDF MANAGEMINT AND 1PM I
Page 353 and 354: 364 PFS11CIDIMANAGI.MI:N'F AND IPM
Page 355 and 356: 366 PFPSTICtDF IANAGLME1.N-r AND IP
Page 357 and 358: PESTICIDE RESIDUE TRIALS IN RICE IN
Page 359 and 360: t'ESI('IDiE RIsIRtIIS IN INt)NI SIA
Page 361 and 362: PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MONIT
Page 363 and 364: PMtI1CIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MoNrr
Page 365 and 366: Table 2 continued Crop and pesticid
Page 367 and 368: PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THE
Page 369 and 370: PES'I1CIDE RFSIDUES INfI-OD AND TIE
Page 371 and 372: PESTICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD ANDTIIE E
Page 373 and 374: PIS'IICIDI:RI-SIDLt.S INIOODANDTIIE
Page 375 and 376: PES1ICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD AND1IILEE
Page 377 and 378: PESICIDE RFSIDUFS INFOOD AND TIIEEN
Page 379 and 380: WHAT DO PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN
Page 381 and 382: PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN 11EIENVIRONME
Page 383 and 384: PESTICIDE RESIDUES INTIIlE EN VIRON
Page 385 and 386: I S11CID[E RSI I)UES INTIl E NVIRON
Page 387 and 388: MANUAL ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES UND
Page 389 and 390: USE OF PESTICIDES UNDEI.HI)ANK-FINA
Page 391 and 392: USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER BANK-FINANC
Page 393 and 394: APPENDIX I continued USE OF PES'ICI
Page 395: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OCCUPATI
Page 399 and 400: OCCUPATIONAL FIDPOSURE OF SPRAY WOR
Page 401 and 402: OCCUPATIONAT. TEIPOSI IRE OF SIRAY
Page 403 and 404: Dl-t-r 4 26t filtercaftirdme cast O
Page 405 and 406: 418 PESI1CIDE MANAGIEMENr AND IPM I
Page 407 and 408: 420 PESTCIDE MANAGFMENI"r AND IPM I
Page 409 and 410: DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMI
Page 411 and 412: DE9IRUCtION OF PESTICIDE AND CIIEMI
Page 413 and 414: DISI'RtCI'ION 01 I[.SIICII)I" AND C
Page 415 and 416: DIgi'RLCI'ION O II'I1fCIDI)I ANI) C
Page 417 and 418: DESIRUCTION O1 PESTICIDE AND C1 IEM
Page 419 and 420: LOOKING FOR THAILAND'S "LOVE CANAL"
Page 421 and 422: LOOKING FOR'I11AILAND'S LOVE CANAL"
Page 423 and 424: PESTICIDE PROBLEMS AND INDONESIAN N
Page 425 and 426: PFSTICIDE PROBLEMS AND NGO ACI'IVIT
Page 427 and 428: 4412 I)I'I(CII)F MANA( I-I' AN) 1PM
Page 429 and 430: 444 Pt':S-c'iI[E M\IANAGMI'.11 .V A
Page 431 and 432: 446 IPESTICIDtE MANAGEIENT AND I'M
Page 433 and 434: Table 1. Training program on the sa
Page 435 and 436: PESTICIDE SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRAM
Page 437 and 438: PESTICII)E SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRA
Page 439 and 440: I-STICIDt SA-E USTRAIN1NG PROGRAMS
Page 441 and 442: TRAINING THE TRAINER BY INDUSTRY E.
Page 443 and 444: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN THAIL
Page 445 and 446: TRAIN-TIlE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN TIIA
Page 447 and 448:
PESTICIDE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMS
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DURATION 45-60 min. 60-90 min. 120
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PIESTICIDIE SAI.IY '[RAINING PROGRA
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470 IPESTICIDL: MANAGFMI:NI' AND HP
Page 455 and 456:
472 PFIS1CIDF NANA(;ILMI.N'F AND HP
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