and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

384 PS'1CIDI: MANAGt.MF FAND IM IN SOUTIHEAST ASIA
Table I. Comparisons of actual daily intakes, theoretical daily intakes and
acceptable daily intakes, USA 1974-76.a (Bates and Gorbach 1982)
Pesticide Theoreical pttIa Actual ADI applied to
daily intake daily intake a 60 kg person
(mfiterson/day') (m ,ti.person/day)
Captan (mtf/[xrson/dIay)_
18 0.001 6
Mcthoxychlor 10 0.0004
Dieldrin 6
0.06 0.002
Parathion
0.006
01.8 0.00006 0.3
Carhary,.,I5.6
0.001 0.6
;'All ADI figures cited in this paper are from JMPR evaluations.
* A large proportion of the residue in the raw agricultural commodity can be
discarded with inediblC portions.
* Residue levels often dissipate further (luring storage, transport,
commcrcial
or
processing and during domestic
*
preparation
It is unlikely
and cooking.
that a per:;on will consurne in the same day all the
commodities on which the product can be
National
used.
authorities and official institutes in several countries
surveillance
have
and
initiated
monitoring programs for the determinition of
of
tli
residues
actual amount
in food at the time it reaches the consumer.
are analyzed
Thousands
each
of
year
samples
for the presence of all kinds
results
of pesticides.
obtained remain
Many of
in
the
the hands of officials or are reported
limited
in publications
circulation
of
and do not reach the general public.
governments
The published
has
work
been
of
surveyed by the Groupemient
Associations
International
Nationales
des
dc FabricanLs de Pesticides (GIFAP)
in a
Residue
paper titled
Committee
PesticideResidues in Food, which
version
is available
for the
both
technically
in a longe,
qualified and a shorter version intended
the general
for members
public.
of
Meanwhile, since pesticides continue to
the
play
production
a vital role
of adequate
in
food of satisfactory quality, it is right
pesticides,
that the
and
use of
the monitoring of their residuc levels in food
continue.
and feed,
The
should
overall data available from various
similar
national
and
surveys
reassuring
demonstrate
situation
a
in different countries. In practice,
residues
pesticide
in food are invariably small and do not give rise to public health
concerns.
ISSUES SURROUNDING ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC
P0 TENTI AL
The pre-marketing assessment of the carcinogenic potential of a new
pesticide is routinely made through long-term rodent bioassays. The
interpretation of the tumor findings can sometimes become difficult because of
variations in the naturally-occurring incidence of vailous tumors in the test
animals. In these cases, the problem often becomes one of interpreting what
could be callcd marginal findings.