and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

272 7 cb2ol:\1ANA { \I:\ AND PM IN SOU'n WAS fASIA
almost three decades,
could it is
have
expected
devcloped that biochemical
but not been or
detected
Physiological
in other resistance
rat
exposed.
species that have been
1)3OCIIEM'CAL/PIIYSIOLOGICAL
STUDIES ON RESISTANCE
Resistance may
determine
arise as a
the
result
cuticular
of alterations
penetration, inany of thc
pesticid. distribiion
processes which
It is a precadaptie or target
prior phenomenon site
to selection.
interaction
caused of
by
a
strain
Thi fact mutation
arose was
by
proven
mutation in Escherichia in a population
(Luria coli
&
of sensitive cells independently
where
Delbruck a resistant
resistance
1943). of the
has
In action
been
insects,
entirely it of a virus
dependent
has been
on
observed
of sublethal selection and
that
doses ha:
invariably,
of an insecticide not
(Crow
developed
whether 1957).
becaus,
a resistant strain has It
developed
is important
biochemical to
or
determin(
phy';iologica cross
studies.
or mull'ple
while strain resistance
tomultiple COmlpoutnds througl
resistaince
Cross
other reSistance
than is the selective resistance
denotes a
agent, of
resistance
due a single to
in
tile
a
diffe'rent/unrelated WIer strain same
comlpounids
mechanism,
to several
u s btochemical com alnd but resutn
(1983), and
-'oicu rsultjlg sigl stai.oecla
&
from different
enq) mechanisms
a Ouibrt
esincs,ppesooh ion
The
fan& W
have been
through reviewed
the selection ~el 97 Biochemical by Brown
enzynie of an resistance
with
aberant gne responsible develops
diferent
physiologica
propertes for the prodction
1; resistance by alering its amino of
acid
an
the quantijy
develocs by selecting reglatory
scquence,
of the normal factors
while
resistane enzyme
which
mechanis roduced.
determine
,i Some preliminary
use of rili
y be conducted by
detcrmination
simple experiments of
inhibit certain involving
like trilbutyrho[
processes of detoxification. the
carbinol (F-DC) 0 POphhate (DEF),
Synergists
and piperonyl buroxide
1,1 -bis
DD'1'ase may be used to
In
and mixed function inhibit
Nlalaysia, oxidases esterases,
biochemical and/or respectively'
are scarce. Elcctrnphosel
physiological
studies
.resistant and
strain in on resistant
c,;
vitro
ho~sefly eslerase strains
revealed
studies
isx-nzytnc an
on
extra
a Cameron
and two and more
Highlands
less active carboxylese~jra active acetylcholinesterase
the corresponding isoenzynes when
The
sn.ceptile strain (Lau
compared
strain of & Suddcruddin with
the green
carbamate lealhopperresistant 1981).
insecticides to both organophosou
esterases showed
in conmpl
qualiltive changes in the
and
1jr5 on with electropherograus
Current
susceptible of
studies strains
on
(Lim),
larval
personal
q'tinlutfaIcittjjtj extracts communication).
men of the two
Induced
tioned earlier, resistant
biocheuical
indicate that geneticaj
strains of C.
electropherograiu changes in esterase isoenzyes changes have occurred.
number
of"the two strains. 3 were
of
observed
isoenzymes.
oth resistant strains had the in the
comparison Each
with
strain
a
had
carboxyl- two carboxyl- same
The and two
and
slow an
migrating
aryl-esterase
carboxylest
aryl-esterases
in the
in
relative 1ra5e susceptible
mobilitis
in both the resistant strains
strain.
while
between the other two isoenzy1e.
had
the
identical
two strains (Setakana, personal
had different
communication). mobi!ities
The differences in