and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
IMPLEMENTATION ON ESTATE CROPS IN
INDONESIA
S.Wirjosuhardjo
Director of Estate Crop Protection
Jiln. S. Parman 73 Slipi, Jakarta, Indonesia
Estate crops have been given top priority in the national development plan
of Indonesia. It is felt that further improvement in the production of estate crops
should bring about a corresponding increase in national income as well as the
income of individual ifrmers, and at the same time create more job opportunities
and reduce dependence on imports such as cane sugar and cotton.
There are approximately 9.4 million ha of estate crops, of which 8.1
million (87%) belong to smallholders, 0.8 million (8%) are government-owned
estates, and 0.5 million (5%) are private estates. The crops include annual crops
such as sugarcane and tobacco, and perennial crops like coconut, rubber, oil
palm, cocoa, and coffee. More than 20 crop species are grown as estate crops.
Considering tie large number of crop species and management patterns, the
development of estate crops is done through various projects. However, primary
attention is given to the development of sinallholders and to crops like rubber,
sugarcane, coconut, oil palm, and cotton. Estate crop development is divided
into three programs, nami. y:
1. The Nucleus Estate and Smallholder (NES) project, which includes a
government c,:tate as the nucleus to provide the necessary services and
lacilifics to smallholders in a specific new area,
2. The Project Management Unit (PMU), providing similar services and
facilities for sinallholders inexisting areas, and
3. The partial project, in which the smallholder is given only partial
assistance.
As of 1986, the NES project area was 401,950 ha, the Project Management
unit area was 673,440 ha, and the remaining were partial assistance project areas.
Assistance to sniallholders consists of providing seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and
services related to crop protection, extension, harvesting, yield processing, and
marketing.
Adequate crop protection is necessary to further guarantee the success of
these programs. Therefore, crop protection has been an essential component in
all institutions and agencies dealing with estate crops. To keep up with pest
problems of increasing complexity, estate crop p'otection services must be
continuously improved and oriented towards the implementation of integrated
pcst management (IPM), since the concept of IPM has been adopted as a national
policy in Indonesia.