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398 IP S'I1CIDI:.NANA(;IL\liN'T AND IPM INSOUTIIlEAST ASIA Bull, D. 1982. A growing problem: Pesticides and the Third World poor. OXFAM, Oxford. Deema, P. 1983. A case study on pesticide use: An ecological disaster in Thailand. Health, safety and the consumer: Proceedings of the IOCU Seminar, Ranzan, Japan. IOCU, Pcnaig. Foo, G.S. 1985. The pesticide poisoning report: A survey of some Asian countries. IOCU, Penang. Malaret, L. 1985. Safe pest control: An NGO action guide. Environment Liaison center, Nairobi. Norris, R. cd. i982. Pills, pesticides and profits: The international trade in toxic substances. North River Press. Croton-on-Hudson. Weir, D. 1983. Global pesticide issues. Health, safety and the consumer: Proceedings of the IOCU Seminar, Ranzan, Japan. IOCU, Penang. Weir, D. and Schapiro, M. 1981. Circle of poison, pesticides and people in a hungry world. Institute for Food and Development Policy, San Francisco.
MANUAL ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER BANK-FINANCED PROJECTS* C. P. Rees Head, Environmental Unit, Asian Development Bank P.O. Box 789, Manila, Philippines (Present address: The World Bank, Environment Unit, Asia Region 1818 H Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20.133, U.S.A.) The Asian Development Bank's developing member countries (DMCs) have enjoyed substantial benefits from the use of pesticides in terms of increased production of food and industrial crops. Because of this, the scope of pesticide usage will continue to expand for some time to come. However, DMCs have expressed concern over the potential adverse effects of pesticides on man and the environment - often for the same reasons that led developed countries to question the use of pesticides. In view of these factors, as well as the concerns expressed within the Bank, in early 1986 staff consultants were engaged to review the overall situation in selected DMCs with respect to pesticide use and regulation, and to make recommendations as to how the Bank should proceed to ensure environmentally sound practices in its agriculture projects. The following DMCs were, selected and visited - Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. In all of these countries, agriculture is the backbone of the economy and plant protection has played a major role in developing the production of food and industrial crops. The review was undertaken with full consideration of the work of relevant international and regional organizations with regard to pesticide use practices, particularly existing guidelines and codes of practice. In the light of the consultants' findings, the Bank undertook the production of a technical manual on the use of pesticides in Bank-financed projects. The manual is designed to guide Bank staff in the selection, procurement, and safe and cost-effective usage of pc.cticides. It was produced consonant with the varying requirements of the DMCs and international practice and the need for effective and environmentally sound practices of pesticide use. 1BACKGROUND Pests are serious problems in many of the major crops grown in the Asia/Pacific region, causing annual yield losses estimated at 30-60%. Although The manual has now been published as "Handbook on the Use of Pesticides in the Asia-Pacific Region", and may be obtained from Dr. Bindu Lohani, Head, Environmental Unit, Asian Development Bank.
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Pesticide Managemen and Integrated
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Correct citation: P. S.Teng and K.,
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IPM DEVELOPMENT Crop protection and
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A comparative study on the occupati
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PREFACE The Southeast Asi-n region
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUIURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR P'STICIDE ,MANAGEM
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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1UI'RE NEEDS FOR PIESTICIDF MA NAGI
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1:1-FURT: NEED'I)S FOR PF.SII1)" MA
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14 PI-S'IlCIDE MANAGIEMENT AND 1PM
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16 Il-'IICIDE MANA(C;I-N'I AND IPM
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18 PF1STnCIDF MANAGEMENT AND IPM 1:
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OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
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Table 2. List of some of the major
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS ININDONTSIA 25
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2. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE IPM ON FOOD
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[IM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 33
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IMPLEI MENTATION Cost Objectives IP
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 37
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 39
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 4 1
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4.4 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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46 PESTCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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Table 1continued Variety Maturity N
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50 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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52 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM IN SO
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54 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENTI AND IPM IN
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56 PES'IiCIDE MANAGIEMI/N'I AND 1PM
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5X iILPI1CiDI: NANA;I-\II AND 1PM I
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6G PESI1CIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM INS
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02 PI:SICIDIANAGIME-T AND I, INSOUI
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64 PESTiCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INS
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THE ROLE OF INSECTICIDES IN RICE IP
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ROLE OF INSE-TICIDES INRICE IPM SYS
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ROLE OF INSETICIDES INRICE I1'M SYS
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FEASIBILITY OF USING LOCALLY PRODUC
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USE OFB 1"J CONTROL IROPICAL INSECr
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USE OF BI TO CONTROL'TROPICAL INSEC
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USE OF Bt TO CONrOIROLTOPICAL INS E
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USE OF B TO CONTROL'IROPICAL INSECT
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84 PFS'I1CID MANAGEMFN'I AND IPM IN
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90 PI:S'ICIDE MANAGI'ENTIIN AND HPM
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92 PI-iCIDE ,MANAGEMENTr AND IPM IN
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DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION CONTROL THRES
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DEVELOPMflr r OF ACTION CONTROL TIR
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DEVEOPMENr OF ACTION CONTROL TIRESI
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DEVE.OPMENT OF ACTION CONTROLmTIIRE
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ECONOMICS OF INTEGRATED PEST CONTRO
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Increase innet return (S/ho) 30 25
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Table 3. Possible negative impact o
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ECONOMICS OFIPC IN RICE IN SOUTIIlE
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ECONOMICS OF IPC IN RICE INSOUTIEAS
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114 PSTICIDE MANAGENTIr AND IPM IN
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116 PES11CIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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118 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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Page 125 and 126:
122 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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124 PESTICIDE MANAGIEN-" AND nPM IN
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126 PEI1CIDE MANAGIMENT AND IPM IN
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CORN STALK BO
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OFCORN STALK BOR
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CROP PROTECTION AND 1PM IN RAINFED
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSTEMS INN
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IPM IN RAINI:ED CROI iNC; SYSTE'IMS
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSIEMS IN
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1PM IN RAINFIED CROPIPING SYS'I.IS
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I 4b IIk%1CII)E - MANAGIIj.NTI ANt)
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148 PE3SIICtDEMANAGEMENI' AND IPM I
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150 PFSTICII)E MANAG'MENTI" AND IIM
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152 PESllCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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154 PESTICIDE MANAGEMFNT AND IPM IN
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AN APPROACH TO INTEGRATED PEST MANA
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IPM AI'I V'IIlE.S OF TI tE PlIIAI'P
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no.&% 60 50 40 1PM ACTIVrI1S OF "I'
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IM ACI'IV1IS OF1TI III 111.1 11NI t
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1PM ACT'IVrIIES O: TIlE II/P1 IILII
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IPM ACI'IVrll-S OF TI I 11 II.PlNE-
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF IPM: THE
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF 1PM 171 W
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ECONOMIC JIS'IFICATION OF PIIM173 W
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN SUGARCANE IN THAI
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HPM ACHIVITIES INSUGARCANI INTIIAIL
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Table 2. Comparison of investment c
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN COCONUT IN SOUTHE
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)M A(:I'IV'IIB.S INC(X:()N1S 183 co
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IPM ACI'VITIES IN COCONUTS 185 year
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON OIL PALM IN MALA
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IPEST MANAGEF.N'rON OI IPALM IhNMAL
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PI TFMANAGIEMI-\I'ON O11. IAIM INMA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PI'ST MANAGLMI .N'I' ON C(XXOA INMA
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IIST M,',ANAGEMpI'r ON COCO,', INMA
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P.ST MANAG!,MlNI" ON CCXTO)A IN MAA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PES' MANAGEMIN ON COCOA INMALAYSIA
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206 I'ES'ICIDI MANA(IMFIT AND IPMIN
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208 PESTICIDE MANAGI-2.MENT AND HPM
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210 PFS'I1CIDE MANAG[12EN' AND IPM
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21 - 1CIDI- MANAGI.MI-NT AND IPM IN
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Table 2. Effect of different insect
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Table 3. Comparative economics of d
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220 IP'FCID:IMANAGMENT AND HPM IN S
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222 PFuS'IICIDE MANAGFMI'NT' AND IP
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224 PESTICIDE MANAGIEMEN'I' AND 1PM
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2 26 I'S'lCII)EIIMANAGFMI'NT"AND IP
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228 PESTICIDE MANAGENENT AND IPM IN
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230 P.STICIDE MANAGEMIN I'AND IM IN
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232 IESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND fPM IN
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234 PESTICIDIF MIANAGI:.EN' AND 1PM
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236 I. S'EI1CI1)- MANAGtMI/NT' AND
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I 0 af VV4' ~ . f). IC AI ~ 1U 8 '8
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240 PES'I1CIDE MANAGFMEN'"I' AND IP
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242 tl-S'(ll.E MANAGIMI-NI AND IPM
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244 PESTICIDE MANAGEMI-Nt' AND IPM
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APPENDIX I continued__ Pest 1.6 Zig
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APPENDIX I continued Pest 3. Rats (
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APPENDIX I continued Pest Sampling
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252 PE."ST'IICIDI- MANAGEMI-ENT AND
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254 PESICIDE MANAGFMAENT AND [PM IN
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OVERVIEW OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PR
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PISICIDE R3SISTANCE PROILEMS INSOU1
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PII'S'IICIDI" RESISTAN(J- IROBI.I[M
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lI.S'I1CIDEi RFSISIANCI- IIROIII.I'
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Insect Rice insect pcst Nilaparvata
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APPENDIX I continued Insect Insect
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271 Pt-5ICIDI- MANA(;I\I-' AN) 1PM
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272 7 cb2ol:\1ANA { \I:\ AND PM IN
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274 PESICDE MANAG-MENT AND 11M IN S
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276 Pt:S'ICIDF MANAGI-I' AND IIM IN
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PROBLEMS N. Si
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Percent Control Figure 1. Trend of
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1'ESTICIDE RISISTANCE PROBLEMS IN T
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE PHILIPP
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PSTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TIME PHILIPP
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE INTIlE PHILIPP
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292 PE'STICIDE MANAGMitwr AND IPM I
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294 PESTICIDE MANAGEmr[ ENT AND IM
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE: THE REALITIES
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PFESlICIDE RIEISTANCE: TILE REALIES
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HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE USE OF PE
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IEALTH LAZARDS OF PESIfCIDE USE INI
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IEALTII IhAZARDS OF PESTICIDE USE I
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IIEALIII HAZARDS OFPESrICIDE USE IN
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HEALTH HIAZARDS OF PESICIDE USE IN
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314 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENr AND IPM IN
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318 PESTICIDJE MANAGIB-ENT AND IPM
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PESTICIDE POISONING STUDIES AND DAT
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IEST1CIDE POISONING INTI1AILAND 323
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PESTICIDE POISONING: IMPROVING AND
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PESTICIDE POISONING IN SOUTiIEASTAS
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PE.STICIDE POISONING IN SOUhIIIEAST
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332 PfS'I1CID. MANAG6EMI'NTF AND I1
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334 PESICIDF .MANAGFR\WF.NT AND IPM
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336 P'ST:I1DIE MANAGF.MI N'IAND IPM
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338 PrsI1CID MANAGEI\WEN-r AND IPM
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340 III MANAGIPMNM' ANI 1PM IN SOUI
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THAILAND N. T
Page 335 and 336: PF;TICl)I:B RI'NIID I S iN I'IIJAIL
Page 337 and 338: PI-STICIDF RESIDUES IN TIIAILAND 3-
Page 339 and 340: 35(0 PIS'ICIIE MANA(;IINI AND IPM I
Page 341 and 342: 352 PESTICIDE MANAGEIEN'Ir AND HPM
Page 343 and 344: 354 PESTICIDE MANAGEMEN' AND IPM IN
Page 345 and 346: 356( I'FUsTICII).. MANAGt~I-MENT AN
Page 347 and 348: 358 PIESTICIDF MANAG:M'NT AND IM IN
Page 349 and 350: 360 PFTP0CIDE MANAGMMENF AND HPM IN
Page 351 and 352: 362 PFS'l1CJDF MANAGEMINT AND 1PM I
Page 353 and 354: 364 PFS11CIDIMANAGI.MI:N'F AND IPM
Page 355 and 356: 366 PFPSTICtDF IANAGLME1.N-r AND IP
Page 357 and 358: PESTICIDE RESIDUE TRIALS IN RICE IN
Page 359 and 360: t'ESI('IDiE RIsIRtIIS IN INt)NI SIA
Page 361 and 362: PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MONIT
Page 363 and 364: PMtI1CIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MoNrr
Page 365 and 366: Table 2 continued Crop and pesticid
Page 367 and 368: PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THE
Page 369 and 370: PES'I1CIDE RFSIDUES INfI-OD AND TIE
Page 371 and 372: PESTICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD ANDTIIE E
Page 373 and 374: PIS'IICIDI:RI-SIDLt.S INIOODANDTIIE
Page 375 and 376: PES1ICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD AND1IILEE
Page 377 and 378: PESICIDE RFSIDUFS INFOOD AND TIIEEN
Page 379 and 380: WHAT DO PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN
Page 381 and 382: PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN 11EIENVIRONME
Page 383 and 384: PESTICIDE RESIDUES INTIIlE EN VIRON
Page 385: I S11CID[E RSI I)UES INTIl E NVIRON
Page 389 and 390: USE OF PESTICIDES UNDEI.HI)ANK-FINA
Page 391 and 392: USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER BANK-FINANC
Page 393 and 394: APPENDIX I continued USE OF PES'ICI
Page 395 and 396: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OCCUPATI
Page 397 and 398: Table 1. Operator exposure (ml spra
Page 399 and 400: OCCUPATIONAL FIDPOSURE OF SPRAY WOR
Page 401 and 402: OCCUPATIONAT. TEIPOSI IRE OF SIRAY
Page 403 and 404: Dl-t-r 4 26t filtercaftirdme cast O
Page 405 and 406: 418 PESI1CIDE MANAGIEMENr AND IPM I
Page 407 and 408: 420 PESTCIDE MANAGFMENI"r AND IPM I
Page 409 and 410: DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMI
Page 411 and 412: DE9IRUCtION OF PESTICIDE AND CIIEMI
Page 413 and 414: DISI'RtCI'ION 01 I[.SIICII)I" AND C
Page 415 and 416: DIgi'RLCI'ION O II'I1fCIDI)I ANI) C
Page 417 and 418: DESIRUCTION O1 PESTICIDE AND C1 IEM
Page 419 and 420: LOOKING FOR THAILAND'S "LOVE CANAL"
Page 421 and 422: LOOKING FOR'I11AILAND'S LOVE CANAL"
Page 423 and 424: PESTICIDE PROBLEMS AND INDONESIAN N
Page 425 and 426: PFSTICIDE PROBLEMS AND NGO ACI'IVIT
Page 427 and 428: 4412 I)I'I(CII)F MANA( I-I' AN) 1PM
Page 429 and 430: 444 Pt':S-c'iI[E M\IANAGMI'.11 .V A
Page 431 and 432: 446 IPESTICIDtE MANAGEIENT AND I'M
Page 433 and 434: Table 1. Training program on the sa
Page 435 and 436: PESTICIDE SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRAM
Page 437 and 438:
PESTICII)E SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRA
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I-STICIDt SA-E USTRAIN1NG PROGRAMS
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TRAINING THE TRAINER BY INDUSTRY E.
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TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN THAIL
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TRAIN-TIlE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN TIIA
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PESTICIDE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMS
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DURATION 45-60 min. 60-90 min. 120
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PIESTICIDIE SAI.IY '[RAINING PROGRA
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470 IPESTICIDL: MANAGFMI:NI' AND HP
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472 PFIS1CIDF NANA(;ILMI.N'F AND HP
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