and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

I 7 IT-S1ICIIE MA\A;I.MNI AND II1M IN SOU1 lASI"ASIA
$15.19/t in 1985, the IPM plot received SI,006.34/ha, while the farmers' plots
yielded $778.49/ha. (All S referrel to in this paper are USS). Thus, the IPM
plot had USS52.93/ha profit while the farmers' plots lost USS92.92/ha. In
Cholburi, the IPM plots and farmers' plots yielded 71.25 and 54.37 t/ha
respectivcly. The 1PM plot received USS1,082.29/ha, while the farmers' plots
received USS825.88/ha. The IlPM plot incurred a monetary loss of
USS 100.63/ha, cornpared to USS 143.58 loss from farmers' plots.
In 1985/86, ploLs included both p!anted cane and first ratoon cane. Results
are given in Table 2. For planted cane in Cholburi, an area of stein boring grub
outbreaks, chlordane at 4 kg a.i.iha was applied in furrows in tihe 1PM plot, but
carbofuran at 1.5 kg.ai/ha was ised in farmers' plots. The IPM aind farmers'
plots for plantcd caneo in Stlphanbtiri yielded 85.69 and 53.75 t/ha, respectively.
W\hei the cane was sold at, a guaranteed price of US$1 4.23/t in 1986, (he IPM
plot received USS1,219.37/ha, while the farmers' plots icceived UsS907.16/ha.
Therefore, the 11PN I and farmers' plots had USS245.53 and US$1 76.39/ha profit
respectively. The HPM anti farmers' plots for first ratoon cane in Supianburi
yielded 66.31 ind 55.12 t/ha with USS47J.33 and USS425.70/ha profit
respectively. The higher profit derived from first ratoon cane was due to a lower
investment cost. The IPM and farniers' plots for planted cane in Cholburi
yielded 61.87 and 53.81 t/ha witi the monetary loss of US$366.69 and
USS185/ha respectively. The higher lonetary loss in the IPM plot was due to
higher investment cost. Flurthcrnore, the IPNI and farniers' plots for first ratoon
cane in Cholburi yielded only 41.69 and 30.90 It/ha, but due low investment
cost, there were monetary gains of USS71.86 and USS42.69/ha respectively.
DISCUSSION
The sugarcane price crisis of recent years has resulted in most sugarcane
farmers suffering monetary losses. The loss suffered by Cholburi farmers was
greater than Suphanburi fairmers. I l,,wever, the Cholburi farmers have kept on
growing sugarcane in spite of the loss because they could not find any other
suitable crops. They only hopo that prices will improve.
The IPM plots received more pesticides hin the farmers' plots, although the
cos!' of using pesticides could be reduced by mininizing the use of costly
chemicals. Total cost of pesticides should not be more than 10% of expected
income. Demonstration plots shoul be set up in infested areas so that the
farmers can see how the problem may be solved.
The natural enemies of the borer complex showed some satisfactory results.
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Telenomus beneficiens Zehnter were promising
egg parasites of Chile sp. and Scirpophaga excerptalis, whereas Apanteles
flavipes Cameron was the potential larval parasite of Chilo sp. and Sesamnia
intfetrens. Entomologisis in China have used 'richogrammato control sugarcane
borers with good results (Liui and Sun 1985). 1lowevcr, in several regions of
Thailand, sugarcane is more seriously danaged by Sesamia inferens than Chilo
sp., and cannot be controlled by Trichograimna. Therefore, more research is
needed on the biological control of Sesamnia inferens with activities like