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80 PISI1CIDI: MANAGEMEN" AND [PM INSOU'Il[EAST ASIA<br />

Philippine Government <strong>and</strong> international donors to reduce farmer dependency on<br />

these chemicals <strong>and</strong> increase the hectarage in rice-fish culture to improve the<br />

farmers' diet <strong>and</strong> income. With the increasing cost of conventional insecticides<br />

<strong>and</strong> the safety problems, locally produced B1 may provide an effective,<br />

inexpensive <strong>and</strong> safe approach to protect the Asian farmer from crop losses<br />

resulting from insect damage.<br />

LITERATURE CITED<br />

B<strong>and</strong>ong, J.P., Litswger, J.A. 1986. Development <strong>and</strong> implementation of rice<br />

insect pest management in the upper Pampanga rivei integration irrigation<br />

system service area, Central Luzon, Philippines. International Rice Research<br />

Institute. Saturday seminar, April 19, 1986. 22 pp. (Unpubl.).<br />

Bull, D. 1982. A Growing Problem: <strong>Pest</strong>icides <strong>and</strong> the Third World Poor.<br />

OXFAM, Oxford, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 189 pp.<br />

Chiu, S. 1987. Biological control of '.:,z brown p!anthopper, pp. 335-355. In<br />

- rowrn Planthopper: 'Threat to Rice Production in Asia. IRRI, Los Baflos,<br />

c .. iippines.<br />

Cordo,-A, V., Herdt, R.W., Gascon, F.3., Yambao, L. 1981. Changes in rice<br />

proluction technology <strong>and</strong> their impact on rice farm earnings in Central<br />

Luzon, Philippines 1966 to liP. IRRI seminar, August 22, 1981.<br />

De<strong>part</strong>ment Paper No. 81-19.<br />

de Barjac, -1. 1980. Test d'Innocuite sur Manmiferes arec du Serotype H-14 de<br />

Pacillusthuringiensis. Unpubl. WHO document WHO/VBC/80.761. 23 pp.<br />

Dhaliwal, G.S., Shahi, H.N., Gill, P.S., Maskina, M.S. 1979. Field reaction<br />

of rice varieties to leaffolder at various nitrogen levels. International Rice<br />

Resecach New:;!etter 4(3):7.<br />

Dharmsthiti, S.C., Pantuwatana, S., Bhumiratana, A. 1985. Production of<br />

Bacillus thuringiensissulsp. israelensis<strong>and</strong> Bacillus sphaericusStuain 1593<br />

on media using a byproduct from monosodium glutamate factory. J. Invert.<br />

Path. 46:231-238.<br />

Dulmage, H.T. 1982. Guidelines on local production for operational use of<br />

Bacillus thuringiensis,especially serotype H-14, pp. 31-124. In Guidelines<br />

for Production of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14, ed. M. V<strong>and</strong>ekar <strong>and</strong> H.T.<br />

Dulmage. Proc. held in Geneva, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, 25-28 October, 1982.<br />

UNDP/World Bank/WHO.<br />

Herdt, R.W. 1978. Costs <strong>and</strong> returns for rice production, pp. 63-80. In<br />

Economic Consequences of the New Rice Technology. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, Los Bafios, Philippines. 402 pp.<br />

Heinrichs, E.A.. Saxena, R.C., Chelliah, S. 1978. Development <strong>and</strong><br />

implementation of insect pest management systems for rice in tropical Asia.<br />

Seminars on "Sensible Use of Festicides", Tokyo, Japan, November 29 to<br />

December 3, i977, pp. 1-33.<br />

Katanyukul, W., Amaritsut, W., Keerati-Kasikorn, M., Craig, J. 1984.<br />

NERAD Working Group for <strong>Pest</strong> <strong>Management</strong> in Cropping Systems -<br />

NERAD Report, 22-27 April 1984.<br />

Loevinsohn. M. 1985. Agricultural intensification <strong>and</strong> rice pest ecology:

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