and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

IPM ACI'VITIES IN COCONUTS 185
years. The average farmer achieves benefits of about US$50 per ha coconut
plantation per year (Klingauf & Voegele 1986) without any input at the farm
level.
OTHER IPM EXAMPLES
Further examples include the promising results against the coconut mite
Eriophyes guerreronis,gained by simple sanitation methods in coconut palm
plantations in Costa Rica, reducing the damage by up to 50% (Otterbein 1985).
Success has also been achieved against Oryctes inonoceros in a cooperative
project in Tanzania since 1977. All examples show that IPM programs could be
worked out and applied economically. Less successful projects dealt with
coconut diseases like lethal diseae in the Caribbean and East Africa (Nienhau., et
a!. 1982), Kainkope disease in West Africa (Steiner 1975) and Cadang-Cadang in
the Philippines (FAO 1982).
Further attempts and additional time and funding opportunities are necessary
to provide more income and food security to coconut producers in Southeast Asia
and the Pacific. A regionally-oriented project based at a capable institution
might help to promote such programs.
LITERATURE CITED
Anonymous. 1978. Joint position paper of the Philippine Coconut Authority
(PCA), Philippine Coconut Producer Feder,,tion and Buksuk Seed Garden.
Special Report on the Coconut Industry, Manila, The Philippines.
Beichle, U. 1980. Crop protection leaflet No. lib. Department of Agriculture
and Forests, Apia, Western Samoa.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1978.
Research on the control of the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, Phase II, Fiji,
Tonga, Western Samoa. Technical Report AG/DP/RAS/71/291. UNDP,
FAO, Rome, Italy. 94 pp.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1982.
Technical Report FAO/AG: DP/Phi/523.
Flotow, A. 1980. Rat damage appraisal in different crops, Part II - Damage in
sugarcane and other crops. Project Periodical "Know-how" No. 12, July 1980.
Friederichs, K. 1913. Uber den gegenwartigen stand der bekampfung des
nashornkafers (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) in Samoa. Der Tropenpflanzer 17:660­
675.
Hollingsworth, S. et al. 1985. GTZ Internal Report, Samoa-German Plant and
Postharvest Protection Project, Apia, Western Samoa.
Huger, A.M. 1966. A virus disease of the Indian Rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes
rhinoceros (L.) caused by a new type of insect virus, Rhabdionvirus oryctes
gen.n., sp. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 8:38-51.
Huger, A.M. 1969. Diagnostic proof for successful introduction of
Rhabdionvirusoryctes into the Orycies ecosystem in areas of Western Samoa.
South Pacific Commission, UNDP (SF)/SPC Rhinoceros Beetle Project,