and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

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ROLE OF CULTURAL "1EC-!INIQUES IN RICE IPM SYSTEMS 85 parts of South Sulawesi, and the eastern coastal parts of Aceh province. Rice gall midge and the rice stink bug also became more serious there. In staggered rice patterns, the generations of the pests are o,,erlapping. This causes difficulties in gathering reliable quantitative data, which in turn makes right timing of pesticide treatment impossible, and thus less effective. Development of BPI-I biotypes also occurred for !lhe first time in those areas (biotype 2 in coastal North Sumatra, eastern tip of East Java and South Bali in 1976/77 crop season; it is thought that biotype 3 may have occurred iii the same areas of North Sumatra and Central Sulawesi in 1983 and Yogyakarta and Klaten (Central Java) in 1986). In these areas the varieties, IR42, Cisadane, and others became susceptible. Synchronized planting and crop rotation have been initiated since 1976/1977 and gradually implemented on a large scale throughout the main rice centers in well-irrigated fields in Indonesia (Oka 1976, Sunardi 1976). Ingeneral the yearly cropping patterns are as follows: Rice - rice - non-rice Rice - non-rice - rice Rice - non-rice -- non-rice Rice - rice fallow. Cropping systems of well-irrigated areas in parts of West Java, Central Java, and East Java are shown in Figures 1 to 4. The acreages of synchrony covered irrigated fields bounded by at least one tertiary canal, i.e., between 300 and 500 ha. Rice in the wet season may be immediately followed by rice in the dry season (Fig. 1), or rice in the dry season may be immediately followed by rice in the wet scason (Fig. 2). However, because of staggered planting, there is no cluar-cut fallow period (i.e., for soil preparation) between the two rice seasons. Inthis situation any rice pest will build up continuously. On the other hand, in the synchronized patterns, there is a fallow period between the two rice seasons for about one month, e.g., April (Fig. 3) or November (Fig. 4). This is the time for simultaneous soil preparation (irrigating field, deep plowing under the stubbles (ratoons), and sanitation). Most rice pests will then be destroyed. During the growing of short maturity non-rice crops, there is no chance for rice pests ' develop and they are gradually brought under control in areas where synchro.,y and crop rotation are strictly followed. The famous national, modem variety Cisadane, resistant to biotype I and moderately resistant to biotype 2 of BPH, is still holding up in these areas even after more than eight croppings. SANITATION in any sanitation program it is important to know the real alternative host of an insect pest. Sanitation aims to remove all breeding or hibernating sites and sources of food of the insect. In Okayama, Japan, epidemics of the rice dwarf virus transmitted by the green lealhopper were almost completely subdued within two years by winter plowing to control weeds such as Alopecurus acqualis,alternate host of the green leafhopper (Nakasuji & Kiritani 1976). The overwintering stages of the rice stemborer, BPH, and GLH, which may survive in the ratoons, are all destroyed by plowing under or burning stubble,
86 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BPH population HighF Rice WS Rice DS Secondary Crop on res Jos eSif n a...... .. Low I I I I I Mar Apr May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. No,. Dec Dec ion Feb Figure 1. Cropping system type I in well irrigated areas (in reality staggered planting). BPH population High Rice IS Secondary Rice DS Crop Low I I Jon Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Slipt Oct Nov Dec Dec Figure 2. Cropping system type 2 in well irrigated areas (in reality staggered planting).
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Pesticide Managemen and Integrated
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Correct citation: P. S.Teng and K.,
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IPM DEVELOPMENT Crop protection and
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A comparative study on the occupati
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PREFACE The Southeast Asi-n region
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUIURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR P'STICIDE ,MANAGEM
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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1UI'RE NEEDS FOR PIESTICIDF MA NAGI
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1:1-FURT: NEED'I)S FOR PF.SII1)" MA
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14 PI-S'IlCIDE MANAGIEMENT AND 1PM
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16 Il-'IICIDE MANA(C;I-N'I AND IPM
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18 PF1STnCIDF MANAGEMENT AND IPM 1:
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OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
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Table 2. List of some of the major
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS ININDONTSIA 25
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OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
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2. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE IPM ON FOOD
Page 39 and 40: OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
Page 41 and 42: [IM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 33
Page 43 and 44: IMPLEI MENTATION Cost Objectives IP
Page 45 and 46: HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 37
Page 47 and 48: IPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 39
Page 49 and 50: HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 4 1
Page 51 and 52: 4.4 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 53 and 54: 46 PESTCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
Page 55 and 56: Table 1continued Variety Maturity N
Page 57 and 58: 50 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 59 and 60: 52 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM IN SO
Page 61 and 62: 54 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENTI AND IPM IN
Page 63 and 64: 56 PES'IiCIDE MANAGIEMI/N'I AND 1PM
Page 65 and 66: 5X iILPI1CiDI: NANA;I-\II AND 1PM I
Page 67 and 68: 6G PESI1CIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM INS
Page 69 and 70: 02 PI:SICIDIANAGIME-T AND I, INSOUI
Page 71 and 72: 64 PESTiCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INS
Page 73 and 74: THE ROLE OF INSECTICIDES IN RICE IP
Page 75 and 76: ROLE OF INSE-TICIDES INRICE IPM SYS
Page 77 and 78: ROLE OF INSETICIDES INRICE I1'M SYS
Page 79 and 80: FEASIBILITY OF USING LOCALLY PRODUC
Page 81 and 82: USE OFB 1"J CONTROL IROPICAL INSECr
Page 83 and 84: USE OF BI TO CONTROL'TROPICAL INSEC
Page 85 and 86: USE OF Bt TO CONrOIROLTOPICAL INS E
Page 87 and 88: USE OF B TO CONTROL'IROPICAL INSECT
Page 89: 84 PFS'I1CID MANAGEMFN'I AND IPM IN
Page 95 and 96: 90 PI:S'ICIDE MANAGI'ENTIIN AND HPM
Page 97 and 98: 92 PI-iCIDE ,MANAGEMENTr AND IPM IN
Page 99 and 100: DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION CONTROL THRES
Page 101 and 102: DEVELOPMflr r OF ACTION CONTROL TIR
Page 103 and 104: DEVEOPMENr OF ACTION CONTROL TIRESI
Page 105 and 106: DEVE.OPMENT OF ACTION CONTROLmTIIRE
Page 107 and 108: ECONOMICS OF INTEGRATED PEST CONTRO
Page 109 and 110: Increase innet return (S/ho) 30 25
Page 111 and 112: Table 3. Possible negative impact o
Page 113 and 114: ECONOMICS OFIPC IN RICE IN SOUTIIlE
Page 115 and 116: ECONOMICS OF IPC IN RICE INSOUTIEAS
Page 117 and 118: 114 PSTICIDE MANAGENTIr AND IPM IN
Page 119 and 120: 116 PES11CIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 121 and 122: 118 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 125 and 126: 122 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
Page 127 and 128: 124 PESTICIDE MANAGIEN-" AND nPM IN
Page 129 and 130: 126 PEI1CIDE MANAGIMENT AND IPM IN
Page 133 and 134: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CORN STALK BO
Page 135 and 136: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OFCORN STALK BOR
Page 137 and 138: CROP PROTECTION AND 1PM IN RAINFED
Page 139 and 140: IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSTEMS INN
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IPM IN RAINI:ED CROI iNC; SYSTE'IMS
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSIEMS IN
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1PM IN RAINFIED CROPIPING SYS'I.IS
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I 4b IIk%1CII)E - MANAGIIj.NTI ANt)
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148 PE3SIICtDEMANAGEMENI' AND IPM I
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150 PFSTICII)E MANAG'MENTI" AND IIM
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152 PESllCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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154 PESTICIDE MANAGEMFNT AND IPM IN
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AN APPROACH TO INTEGRATED PEST MANA
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IPM AI'I V'IIlE.S OF TI tE PlIIAI'P
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no.&% 60 50 40 1PM ACTIVrI1S OF "I'
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IM ACI'IV1IS OF1TI III 111.1 11NI t
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1PM ACT'IVrIIES O: TIlE II/P1 IILII
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IPM ACI'IVrll-S OF TI I 11 II.PlNE-
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF IPM: THE
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF 1PM 171 W
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ECONOMIC JIS'IFICATION OF PIIM173 W
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN SUGARCANE IN THAI
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HPM ACHIVITIES INSUGARCANI INTIIAIL
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Table 2. Comparison of investment c
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN COCONUT IN SOUTHE
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)M A(:I'IV'IIB.S INC(X:()N1S 183 co
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IPM ACI'VITIES IN COCONUTS 185 year
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON OIL PALM IN MALA
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IPEST MANAGEF.N'rON OI IPALM IhNMAL
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PI TFMANAGIEMI-\I'ON O11. IAIM INMA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PI'ST MANAGLMI .N'I' ON C(XXOA INMA
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IIST M,',ANAGEMpI'r ON COCO,', INMA
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P.ST MANAG!,MlNI" ON CCXTO)A IN MAA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PES' MANAGEMIN ON COCOA INMALAYSIA
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206 I'ES'ICIDI MANA(IMFIT AND IPMIN
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208 PESTICIDE MANAGI-2.MENT AND HPM
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210 PFS'I1CIDE MANAG[12EN' AND IPM
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212 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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21 - 1CIDI- MANAGI.MI-NT AND IPM IN
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Table 2. Effect of different insect
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Table 3. Comparative economics of d
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220 IP'FCID:IMANAGMENT AND HPM IN S
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222 PFuS'IICIDE MANAGFMI'NT' AND IP
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224 PESTICIDE MANAGIEMEN'I' AND 1PM
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2 26 I'S'lCII)EIIMANAGFMI'NT"AND IP
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228 PESTICIDE MANAGENENT AND IPM IN
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230 P.STICIDE MANAGEMIN I'AND IM IN
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232 IESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND fPM IN
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234 PESTICIDIF MIANAGI:.EN' AND 1PM
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236 I. S'EI1CI1)- MANAGtMI/NT' AND
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I 0 af VV4' ~ . f). IC AI ~ 1U 8 '8
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240 PES'I1CIDE MANAGFMEN'"I' AND IP
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242 tl-S'(ll.E MANAGIMI-NI AND IPM
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244 PESTICIDE MANAGEMI-Nt' AND IPM
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APPENDIX I continued__ Pest 1.6 Zig
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APPENDIX I continued Pest 3. Rats (
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APPENDIX I continued Pest Sampling
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252 PE."ST'IICIDI- MANAGEMI-ENT AND
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254 PESICIDE MANAGFMAENT AND [PM IN
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OVERVIEW OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PR
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PISICIDE R3SISTANCE PROILEMS INSOU1
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PII'S'IICIDI" RESISTAN(J- IROBI.I[M
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lI.S'I1CIDEi RFSISIANCI- IIROIII.I'
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Insect Rice insect pcst Nilaparvata
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APPENDIX I continued Insect Insect
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271 Pt-5ICIDI- MANA(;I\I-' AN) 1PM
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272 7 cb2ol:\1ANA { \I:\ AND PM IN
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274 PESICDE MANAG-MENT AND 11M IN S
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276 Pt:S'ICIDF MANAGI-I' AND IIM IN
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PROBLEMS N. Si
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Percent Control Figure 1. Trend of
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1'ESTICIDE RISISTANCE PROBLEMS IN T
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE PHILIPP
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PSTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TIME PHILIPP
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE INTIlE PHILIPP
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292 PE'STICIDE MANAGMitwr AND IPM I
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294 PESTICIDE MANAGEmr[ ENT AND IM
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE: THE REALITIES
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PFESlICIDE RIEISTANCE: TILE REALIES
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HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE USE OF PE
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IEALTH LAZARDS OF PESIfCIDE USE INI
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IEALTII IhAZARDS OF PESTICIDE USE I
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IIEALIII HAZARDS OFPESrICIDE USE IN
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HEALTH HIAZARDS OF PESICIDE USE IN
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Page 307 and 308:
314 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENr AND IPM IN
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
318 PESTICIDJE MANAGIB-ENT AND IPM
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PESTICIDE POISONING STUDIES AND DAT
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IEST1CIDE POISONING INTI1AILAND 323
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PESTICIDE POISONING: IMPROVING AND
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PESTICIDE POISONING IN SOUTiIEASTAS
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PE.STICIDE POISONING IN SOUhIIIEAST
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332 PfS'I1CID. MANAG6EMI'NTF AND I1
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334 PESICIDF .MANAGFR\WF.NT AND IPM
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336 P'ST:I1DIE MANAGF.MI N'IAND IPM
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338 PrsI1CID MANAGEI\WEN-r AND IPM
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340 III MANAGIPMNM' ANI 1PM IN SOUI
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THAILAND N. T
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PF;TICl)I:B RI'NIID I S iN I'IIJAIL
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PI-STICIDF RESIDUES IN TIIAILAND 3-
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35(0 PIS'ICIIE MANA(;IINI AND IPM I
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352 PESTICIDE MANAGEIEN'Ir AND HPM
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354 PESTICIDE MANAGEMEN' AND IPM IN
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356( I'FUsTICII).. MANAGt~I-MENT AN
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358 PIESTICIDF MANAG:M'NT AND IM IN
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360 PFTP0CIDE MANAGMMENF AND HPM IN
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362 PFS'l1CJDF MANAGEMINT AND 1PM I
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364 PFS11CIDIMANAGI.MI:N'F AND IPM
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366 PFPSTICtDF IANAGLME1.N-r AND IP
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE TRIALS IN RICE IN
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t'ESI('IDiE RIsIRtIIS IN INt)NI SIA
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MONIT
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PMtI1CIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MoNrr
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Table 2 continued Crop and pesticid
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THE
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PES'I1CIDE RFSIDUES INfI-OD AND TIE
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PESTICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD ANDTIIE E
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PIS'IICIDI:RI-SIDLt.S INIOODANDTIIE
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PES1ICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD AND1IILEE
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PESICIDE RFSIDUFS INFOOD AND TIIEEN
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WHAT DO PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN 11EIENVIRONME
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES INTIIlE EN VIRON
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I S11CID[E RSI I)UES INTIl E NVIRON
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MANUAL ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES UND
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDEI.HI)ANK-FINA
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER BANK-FINANC
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APPENDIX I continued USE OF PES'ICI
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OCCUPATI
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Table 1. Operator exposure (ml spra
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OCCUPATIONAL FIDPOSURE OF SPRAY WOR
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OCCUPATIONAT. TEIPOSI IRE OF SIRAY
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Dl-t-r 4 26t filtercaftirdme cast O
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418 PESI1CIDE MANAGIEMENr AND IPM I
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420 PESTCIDE MANAGFMENI"r AND IPM I
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DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMI
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DE9IRUCtION OF PESTICIDE AND CIIEMI
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DISI'RtCI'ION 01 I[.SIICII)I" AND C
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DIgi'RLCI'ION O II'I1fCIDI)I ANI) C
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DESIRUCTION O1 PESTICIDE AND C1 IEM
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LOOKING FOR THAILAND'S "LOVE CANAL"
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LOOKING FOR'I11AILAND'S LOVE CANAL"
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PESTICIDE PROBLEMS AND INDONESIAN N
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PFSTICIDE PROBLEMS AND NGO ACI'IVIT
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4412 I)I'I(CII)F MANA( I-I' AN) 1PM
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444 Pt':S-c'iI[E M\IANAGMI'.11 .V A
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446 IPESTICIDtE MANAGEIENT AND I'M
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Table 1. Training program on the sa
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PESTICIDE SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRAM
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PESTICII)E SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRA
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I-STICIDt SA-E USTRAIN1NG PROGRAMS
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TRAINING THE TRAINER BY INDUSTRY E.
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TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN THAIL
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TRAIN-TIlE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN TIIA
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PESTICIDE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMS
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DURATION 45-60 min. 60-90 min. 120
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PIESTICIDIE SAI.IY '[RAINING PROGRA
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470 IPESTICIDL: MANAGFMI:NI' AND HP
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472 PFIS1CIDF NANA(;ILMI.N'F AND HP
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