and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

14 PI-S'IlCIDE MANAGIEMENT AND 1PM IN SOUIIIEAST ASIA
Table 2. Order of importance of rice pests in Indonesia based on cumulative
weights of infestation for 1979-1985.
Rice pest Cumulative weighta
of infestation
intensity
Order of
importance
Brown plnthopper (BPH) 29,750,729 1
Rat
Rice stemborer
21,268,828
11,302,015
2
3
Leaf folder/leaf roller 6,770,431.4 4
Rice bug
Army worm
Rice gall midge
Stink bug
Green stink bug
Wild pig
5,116,307.6
4,142,039.2
1,427,661.2
1,017,403.2
353,530.1
347,869.2
aCumulative weight of infestation intensity = area infested x intensity
area infested
targets for these commodities so far have not been met, one reason being that as
the programs are being implemented, pest problems have increased, particularly
in rice (Table 2).
To cope with pest problems, Indonesia used to rely on the "single control
technique" approach, which employs either resistant varieties or intensive
chemical sprays. This approach seemed to be disadvantageous as it brought
about tile occurrence of biotypes, pest resistance, and resurgence.
The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) or Integrated Pest Control (IPC)
approach was then introduced and developed in ,ie1970s. Nevertheless,
implementation of this approach in operational terms could not be smoothly
(lone. There were constraints, which were more institutional and peceptional
than technical in nature, until a breakthrough was made with the issuance of the
Presidential Instruction known as Inpres no. 3 1986. This instruction made IPM
a national policy and strategy for crop protection. It stipulated the utilization of
natural enemies, cropping patterns, and resistant varieties as the major
comxnents of control. Pesticides could only be applied on a need basis to avoid
undesirable impact on natural enemies, or on resistance, resurgence, and
environmental pollution.
1PM INFRASTRUCTURE
The government has organized a number of institutes to implement its crop
protection progralns, and these are:
1. At the Central level: the Directorate of Food Crop Protection, which is
responsible for the formulation of national policy, strategy and program, and
,orsupervising and providing guidance during implementation.
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