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ORGANIZATION OF TIIE SURVIEII ,ANCF AND FARLY WARNING SYSTEMS GROWTH STAGE CODE The following numeric code is used: 0 Gcrmination to emergence I Seedling or transplanting 2 Tillcring 3 4 5 Stem elongation Booting (bcginning with panicle initiation) Heading 6 7 Flowering Milk stage 8 9 Dough stage Mature grain YIELD Five randomly selected plots with 2 nj surveillance field at harvest time. After threshing, the paddy rice is weighed and 2 each are harvested in every its moisture content measured. The average of the five plots is recorded. OTHER AGRONOMIC DATA Every season agronomic and economic data are collected from each surveillance field in order to find out the impact of the farmer's agricultural practices on harmful organisms, the impact of the farmer's crop protection measures and their change in effectiveness, and the farmer's costs and returns from crop protection. This information serves as an essential extension aid for future recommendations. The agronomic data sheets are forwarded to the Regional Plant Protection Office ror evaluation at the end of each season. Sampling Procedures for Other Organisms PREDATOf.S Actual co)unts are taken of predator numbers per ten sweeps. The main predators are spiders, dragonflies, damselflics, Coccinellidae, Staphilonidac, Dcrnaptera, Carabid beetle, and Cyrthorhinus sp. WEEDS Total weed infestation is indicated as a percentage of soil cover per surveillance field. For Broadlcaved weeds, the frequency in terms of percentages in the whole weed population is taken. The same is done with sedges, grasses and algae. TREATMENT THRESIIOLDS FOR MAJOR RICE PESTS The specific treatment thresholds, with their accompanying sampling techniques, are presented in Appendix I. CONCLUDING REMARKS Based on our experience so far with implementing the SEWS in Thailand, we can conclude that: 1. the PPSUs know the pest situation of the duty area by analyzing the pest data collected, 243
244 PESTICIDE MANAGEMI-Nt' AND IPM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 2. some ETLs have been adapted according to the testing on SCFs and on local situations such as market price of the paddy rice, 3. analysis of the agronomic data shows that it is possible for the PPSUs to determine faumers' practices and their cost-benefit returns. 4. the dissemination of SEWS technology to farmers through the STFs is adequate, but still limited to localities. At present, we have started to spread this technology to Kaset Tambon (sub-district extension agents), 30% of whom have been trained by PPSU technicians. We expect to train all Kaset Tambon by the end of 1987. Therefore, the simplified technology will become widely transferred to farmeis throughout Thailand in accordance with our plans and targets. LITERATURE CITED Sri-arunotai, S. and Schaefer, J. 1983. Surveillance and early warning procedures. Plant Protection Service Division, Dept. of Agricultural Extension, MOAC, Thailand.
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Pesticide Managemen and Integrated
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Correct citation: P. S.Teng and K.,
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IPM DEVELOPMENT Crop protection and
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A comparative study on the occupati
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PREFACE The Southeast Asi-n region
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUIURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR P'STICIDE ,MANAGEM
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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1UI'RE NEEDS FOR PIESTICIDF MA NAGI
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1:1-FURT: NEED'I)S FOR PF.SII1)" MA
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14 PI-S'IlCIDE MANAGIEMENT AND 1PM
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16 Il-'IICIDE MANA(C;I-N'I AND IPM
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18 PF1STnCIDF MANAGEMENT AND IPM 1:
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OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
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Table 2. List of some of the major
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS ININDONTSIA 25
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2. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE IPM ON FOOD
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[IM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 33
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IMPLEI MENTATION Cost Objectives IP
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 37
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 39
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 4 1
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4.4 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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46 PESTCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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Table 1continued Variety Maturity N
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50 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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52 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM IN SO
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54 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENTI AND IPM IN
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56 PES'IiCIDE MANAGIEMI/N'I AND 1PM
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5X iILPI1CiDI: NANA;I-\II AND 1PM I
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6G PESI1CIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM INS
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02 PI:SICIDIANAGIME-T AND I, INSOUI
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64 PESTiCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INS
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THE ROLE OF INSECTICIDES IN RICE IP
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ROLE OF INSE-TICIDES INRICE IPM SYS
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ROLE OF INSETICIDES INRICE I1'M SYS
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FEASIBILITY OF USING LOCALLY PRODUC
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USE OFB 1"J CONTROL IROPICAL INSECr
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USE OF BI TO CONTROL'TROPICAL INSEC
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USE OF Bt TO CONrOIROLTOPICAL INS E
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USE OF B TO CONTROL'IROPICAL INSECT
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84 PFS'I1CID MANAGEMFN'I AND IPM IN
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Page 93 and 94:
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90 PI:S'ICIDE MANAGI'ENTIIN AND HPM
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92 PI-iCIDE ,MANAGEMENTr AND IPM IN
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DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION CONTROL THRES
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DEVELOPMflr r OF ACTION CONTROL TIR
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DEVEOPMENr OF ACTION CONTROL TIRESI
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DEVE.OPMENT OF ACTION CONTROLmTIIRE
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ECONOMICS OF INTEGRATED PEST CONTRO
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Increase innet return (S/ho) 30 25
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Table 3. Possible negative impact o
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ECONOMICS OFIPC IN RICE IN SOUTIIlE
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ECONOMICS OF IPC IN RICE INSOUTIEAS
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114 PSTICIDE MANAGENTIr AND IPM IN
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116 PES11CIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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118 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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Page 125 and 126:
122 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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124 PESTICIDE MANAGIEN-" AND nPM IN
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126 PEI1CIDE MANAGIMENT AND IPM IN
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CORN STALK BO
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OFCORN STALK BOR
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CROP PROTECTION AND 1PM IN RAINFED
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSTEMS INN
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IPM IN RAINI:ED CROI iNC; SYSTE'IMS
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSIEMS IN
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1PM IN RAINFIED CROPIPING SYS'I.IS
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I 4b IIk%1CII)E - MANAGIIj.NTI ANt)
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148 PE3SIICtDEMANAGEMENI' AND IPM I
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150 PFSTICII)E MANAG'MENTI" AND IIM
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152 PESllCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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154 PESTICIDE MANAGEMFNT AND IPM IN
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AN APPROACH TO INTEGRATED PEST MANA
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IPM AI'I V'IIlE.S OF TI tE PlIIAI'P
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no.&% 60 50 40 1PM ACTIVrI1S OF "I'
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IM ACI'IV1IS OF1TI III 111.1 11NI t
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1PM ACT'IVrIIES O: TIlE II/P1 IILII
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IPM ACI'IVrll-S OF TI I 11 II.PlNE-
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF IPM: THE
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF 1PM 171 W
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ECONOMIC JIS'IFICATION OF PIIM173 W
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN SUGARCANE IN THAI
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HPM ACHIVITIES INSUGARCANI INTIIAIL
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Table 2. Comparison of investment c
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN COCONUT IN SOUTHE
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)M A(:I'IV'IIB.S INC(X:()N1S 183 co
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IPM ACI'VITIES IN COCONUTS 185 year
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON OIL PALM IN MALA
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IPEST MANAGEF.N'rON OI IPALM IhNMAL
Page 191 and 192: PI TFMANAGIEMI-\I'ON O11. IAIM INMA
Page 193 and 194: PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
Page 195 and 196: PI'ST MANAGLMI .N'I' ON C(XXOA INMA
Page 197 and 198: IIST M,',ANAGEMpI'r ON COCO,', INMA
Page 199 and 200: P.ST MANAG!,MlNI" ON CCXTO)A IN MAA
Page 201 and 202: PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
Page 203 and 204: PES' MANAGEMIN ON COCOA INMALAYSIA
Page 205 and 206: 206 I'ES'ICIDI MANA(IMFIT AND IPMIN
Page 207 and 208: 208 PESTICIDE MANAGI-2.MENT AND HPM
Page 209 and 210: 210 PFS'I1CIDE MANAG[12EN' AND IPM
Page 211 and 212: 212 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 213 and 214: 21 - 1CIDI- MANAGI.MI-NT AND IPM IN
Page 215 and 216: Table 2. Effect of different insect
Page 217 and 218: Table 3. Comparative economics of d
Page 219 and 220: 220 IP'FCID:IMANAGMENT AND HPM IN S
Page 221 and 222: 222 PFuS'IICIDE MANAGFMI'NT' AND IP
Page 223 and 224: 224 PESTICIDE MANAGIEMEN'I' AND 1PM
Page 225 and 226: 2 26 I'S'lCII)EIIMANAGFMI'NT"AND IP
Page 227 and 228: 228 PESTICIDE MANAGENENT AND IPM IN
Page 229 and 230: 230 P.STICIDE MANAGEMIN I'AND IM IN
Page 231 and 232: 232 IESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND fPM IN
Page 233 and 234: 234 PESTICIDIF MIANAGI:.EN' AND 1PM
Page 235 and 236: 236 I. S'EI1CI1)- MANAGtMI/NT' AND
Page 237 and 238: I 0 af VV4' ~ . f). IC AI ~ 1U 8 '8
Page 239 and 240: 240 PES'I1CIDE MANAGFMEN'"I' AND IP
Page 241: 242 tl-S'(ll.E MANAGIMI-NI AND IPM
Page 245 and 246: APPENDIX I continued__ Pest 1.6 Zig
Page 247 and 248: APPENDIX I continued Pest 3. Rats (
Page 249 and 250: APPENDIX I continued Pest Sampling
Page 251 and 252: 252 PE."ST'IICIDI- MANAGEMI-ENT AND
Page 253 and 254: 254 PESICIDE MANAGFMAENT AND [PM IN
Page 255 and 256: OVERVIEW OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PR
Page 257 and 258: PISICIDE R3SISTANCE PROILEMS INSOU1
Page 259 and 260: PII'S'IICIDI" RESISTAN(J- IROBI.I[M
Page 261 and 262: lI.S'I1CIDEi RFSISIANCI- IIROIII.I'
Page 263 and 264: Insect Rice insect pcst Nilaparvata
Page 265 and 266: APPENDIX I continued Insect Insect
Page 267 and 268: 271 Pt-5ICIDI- MANA(;I\I-' AN) 1PM
Page 269 and 270: 272 7 cb2ol:\1ANA { \I:\ AND PM IN
Page 271 and 272: 274 PESICDE MANAG-MENT AND 11M IN S
Page 273 and 274: 276 Pt:S'ICIDF MANAGI-I' AND IIM IN
Page 275 and 276: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PROBLEMS N. Si
Page 277 and 278: Percent Control Figure 1. Trend of
Page 279 and 280: 1'ESTICIDE RISISTANCE PROBLEMS IN T
Page 281 and 282: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE PHILIPP
Page 283 and 284: PSTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TIME PHILIPP
Page 285 and 286: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE INTIlE PHILIPP
Page 287 and 288: 292 PE'STICIDE MANAGMitwr AND IPM I
Page 289 and 290: 294 PESTICIDE MANAGEmr[ ENT AND IM
Page 291 and 292: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE: THE REALITIES
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PFESlICIDE RIEISTANCE: TILE REALIES
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HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE USE OF PE
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IEALTH LAZARDS OF PESIfCIDE USE INI
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IEALTII IhAZARDS OF PESTICIDE USE I
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IIEALIII HAZARDS OFPESrICIDE USE IN
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HEALTH HIAZARDS OF PESICIDE USE IN
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314 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENr AND IPM IN
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Page 311 and 312:
318 PESTICIDJE MANAGIB-ENT AND IPM
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PESTICIDE POISONING STUDIES AND DAT
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IEST1CIDE POISONING INTI1AILAND 323
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PESTICIDE POISONING: IMPROVING AND
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PESTICIDE POISONING IN SOUTiIEASTAS
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PE.STICIDE POISONING IN SOUhIIIEAST
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332 PfS'I1CID. MANAG6EMI'NTF AND I1
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334 PESICIDF .MANAGFR\WF.NT AND IPM
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336 P'ST:I1DIE MANAGF.MI N'IAND IPM
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338 PrsI1CID MANAGEI\WEN-r AND IPM
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340 III MANAGIPMNM' ANI 1PM IN SOUI
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THAILAND N. T
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PF;TICl)I:B RI'NIID I S iN I'IIJAIL
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PI-STICIDF RESIDUES IN TIIAILAND 3-
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35(0 PIS'ICIIE MANA(;IINI AND IPM I
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352 PESTICIDE MANAGEIEN'Ir AND HPM
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354 PESTICIDE MANAGEMEN' AND IPM IN
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356( I'FUsTICII).. MANAGt~I-MENT AN
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358 PIESTICIDF MANAG:M'NT AND IM IN
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360 PFTP0CIDE MANAGMMENF AND HPM IN
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362 PFS'l1CJDF MANAGEMINT AND 1PM I
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364 PFS11CIDIMANAGI.MI:N'F AND IPM
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366 PFPSTICtDF IANAGLME1.N-r AND IP
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE TRIALS IN RICE IN
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t'ESI('IDiE RIsIRtIIS IN INt)NI SIA
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MONIT
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PMtI1CIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MoNrr
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Table 2 continued Crop and pesticid
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THE
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PES'I1CIDE RFSIDUES INfI-OD AND TIE
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PESTICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD ANDTIIE E
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PIS'IICIDI:RI-SIDLt.S INIOODANDTIIE
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PES1ICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD AND1IILEE
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PESICIDE RFSIDUFS INFOOD AND TIIEEN
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WHAT DO PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN 11EIENVIRONME
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES INTIIlE EN VIRON
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I S11CID[E RSI I)UES INTIl E NVIRON
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MANUAL ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES UND
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDEI.HI)ANK-FINA
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER BANK-FINANC
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APPENDIX I continued USE OF PES'ICI
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OCCUPATI
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Table 1. Operator exposure (ml spra
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OCCUPATIONAL FIDPOSURE OF SPRAY WOR
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OCCUPATIONAT. TEIPOSI IRE OF SIRAY
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Dl-t-r 4 26t filtercaftirdme cast O
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418 PESI1CIDE MANAGIEMENr AND IPM I
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420 PESTCIDE MANAGFMENI"r AND IPM I
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DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMI
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DE9IRUCtION OF PESTICIDE AND CIIEMI
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DISI'RtCI'ION 01 I[.SIICII)I" AND C
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DIgi'RLCI'ION O II'I1fCIDI)I ANI) C
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DESIRUCTION O1 PESTICIDE AND C1 IEM
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LOOKING FOR THAILAND'S "LOVE CANAL"
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LOOKING FOR'I11AILAND'S LOVE CANAL"
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PESTICIDE PROBLEMS AND INDONESIAN N
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PFSTICIDE PROBLEMS AND NGO ACI'IVIT
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4412 I)I'I(CII)F MANA( I-I' AN) 1PM
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444 Pt':S-c'iI[E M\IANAGMI'.11 .V A
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446 IPESTICIDtE MANAGEIENT AND I'M
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Table 1. Training program on the sa
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PESTICIDE SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRAM
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PESTICII)E SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRA
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I-STICIDt SA-E USTRAIN1NG PROGRAMS
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TRAINING THE TRAINER BY INDUSTRY E.
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TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN THAIL
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TRAIN-TIlE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN TIIA
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PESTICIDE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMS
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DURATION 45-60 min. 60-90 min. 120
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PIESTICIDIE SAI.IY '[RAINING PROGRA
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470 IPESTICIDL: MANAGFMI:NI' AND HP
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472 PFIS1CIDF NANA(;ILMI.N'F AND HP
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