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-41 2 'S'I1CII) MANAGBI'.MNIl-I' AND 11M INSOTIiAST ASIA<br />

or other impermeable material placed betweer, his shirt <strong>and</strong> the sprayer could<br />

minimize spillage contact with the body.<br />

Although this study did not determine the amount of spray solution<br />

absorbecl by the body tissues of spray operators, it does provide a convenient<br />

means of indicating the potential exposure of spray operators using different<br />

types of sprayers under different working conditions. Since the present sludy<br />

was carried out in a typical rubber estate simulating the application of herbicides,<br />

the exposure of operators working under other conditions or using different<br />

sprayers or nozzles may be different. Similar studies could be carried out in<br />

other situations using the above technique.<br />

ACIKNOWLEDGEMINT<br />

The authors are grateful to the Director-General of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Chairman<br />

of the <strong>Pest</strong>icides Board for his encouragement, guidance <strong>and</strong> permission to<br />

present this paper. The support <strong>and</strong> encouragement of the Director of the Rubber<br />

Research Institute of Malaysia <strong>and</strong> his staff, <strong>part</strong>icularly the Weed Control Unit,<br />

RMI, Sg. Btucoh, is gratefully appreciated. Thanks are also due to the staff of<br />

Bioefficacy anid Formulation Units of the <strong>Pest</strong>icides Section, De<strong>part</strong>ment of<br />

Agriculture. The authors would like to acknowledge the keen support of the<br />

German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) in this study.<br />

LITERATURE CITED<br />

Balasubranmanian, A., Tan, S.H., Ycoh, H.F., Saud, S., Aros, N.M.T.<br />

A repot<br />

1984.<br />

on the safe <strong>and</strong> efficient use of agro-pesticides in<br />

impact<br />

Malaysia<br />

on tie<br />

<strong>and</strong><br />

environment.<br />

its<br />

Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization of the United<br />

Nations (inimco.) 44 pp.<br />

Bonsali, J.L. !985. Measurement of occupational exposure to pesticides.<br />

Occupational<br />

In<br />

hazards nf pesticide use. Turnbull, G.J., S<strong>and</strong>erson,<br />

Bonsall,<br />

D.M.,<br />

J.L.<br />

<strong>and</strong><br />

(eds). Taylor <strong>and</strong> Francis, London,<br />

Chester,<br />

13-33.<br />

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Malaysian<br />

exposure<br />

plantalion<br />

of<br />

workers to paraquat. Brit. J. Industrial Med.<br />

Crome,<br />

38:23-33.<br />

S.J. 1985. Worker exposure to pesticides during use.<br />

hazards<br />

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of pcsticide use. Turnbull, G.J., S<strong>and</strong>erson, J.L., Bonsall, J.L. (eds).<br />

Taylor & Francis, London, I17-168.<br />

Howard, J.K., Sabapathv, S.S. <strong>and</strong> Whitehead, P.A. 1981. A<br />

health<br />

study<br />

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Malaysian<br />

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plantation workers with <strong>part</strong>icular reference to paraquat<br />

sprayers. Brit. J. Industrial<br />

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Mecd. 38:110-116.<br />

P., Turiner, P.D., Kartika, D. <strong>and</strong> Soebagyo, F.X.<br />

conlrollcd<br />

1983. Use<br />

(droplet<br />

of the<br />

application (c.d.a.) technique for herbicide application.<br />

Planter 59:388-407.<br />

Lee, S.A. 1983. Weed control in vegetable Cultivation in Peninsular<br />

Kursus<br />

Malaysia.<br />

Teknologi Penanaman Sayuran. MARDI. Jalan Kebun, Malaysia<br />

(minco.) 21 pp.<br />

Lee, S.A. <strong>and</strong> Chung, G.F. 1985. Safety aspects of LV/VLV/ULV/CDA<br />

application with <strong>part</strong>icular reference to farmers. In <strong>Pest</strong>icide Application

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