and Integrated Pest Management - part - usaid

1PM ACT'IVrIIES O: TIlE II/P1 IILII 'INE-RMANCO'ITON IROJrECT
The positive results of tile field trials led
Mcdina
to the
and
further
Cadapan's
development
(1982)
of
mass-rearing technology.
home industry
Ultimately,
mass-production
a small
procedure evolved. One
full
production
time employment
unit provides
for one person and can currently
cotton,
serve
maize,
up
eggplant,
to 20 ha
tobacco,
of
or otlher crops commonly attacked by lleliothis
and other lepidopterots pests.
It is recommended that the farmer releases the
rate
parasitoid
of 40,000
prevcntively
per ha twice
at a
a week. By comparison,
application the
of
cost
a synthetic
for a single
pyrethroid would be equal
continued
to six or
Trichogramma
seven weeks of
release. For easier pronunciation, farmers
this newly
opted
available
to call
biological pest control agent, "TRICON".
Chemical Control Strategies
For various reasons, severe infestations of cotton bollworm occasionally
occur in spite of the correct implementation of all the above-mentioned pest
management strategies. Synthetic pesticides then become necessary. It is
important to recognize these critical infcstations in time to initiate chemical
control practices before much damage is inflicted. Therefore, an easy-to-use
insect sampling system had to be developed.
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR TECHNICIANS
surveillance Initially,
system
a
was
cotton
developed, providing field
crop
technicians
aad pest m:nat"ement
with a combined
tool. The system focussed
toward
on
reasonable
crop development
yield targets with pest control
necessary
being seen
inputs.
as only
The
one
strategy
of the
was based on the concepts
Room
described
(1979)
by
which
Hearn and
were extensively adapted to
conditions.
small-scale
The
Philippine
binomial
cotton
sequential sampling system
:edesigncd
of Sterling
and adapted
(1976a)
to
was
fit the local situation where a large
rields
number
had
of
to
small
be assessed by technicians.
The new method now utilizes a fixed number of 20 sample plants.
provides
It
general decisions on whether
critical
a
level.
pest population
Thresholds is
for
above
the
or
two
below
major
a
pests that can be controlled with
pesticides are given
Attention
in Table
is paid
6.
to uninfested sampling units, which
ones
are
are
rated
considered
1. Infested
a loss and are rated 0. For decision-making,
for plant number
the
20
running
is compared
total
with the threshold.
becles,
Key predators
ants) are
(spiders,
similarly lady
assessed. The running total
be deducted
for plant lumber
from their
20 will
threshold. A positive
running
difference
total
will
of the
be
pest
added
counts.
to the
As a result, sometimeq a treatment
may be
decision
reversed into a no-spray decision.
PEG-BOARD FOR FARMER'S USE The surveillance
technicians proved
system
infinitely
for field
too complex for farmers.
same
However,
principles, based
a simplified
on the
peg-board was designed,
themselves
enabling
to assess
the farmers
the two most dangerous cotton
enemies).
pests (termed
It also
falrmers'
provides for a consideration of high arthropod predator
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