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306 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSOUTHEAST ASIA Table 3.1 Knowledge and attitude of pesticide applicator groups in Indenesia, 1984-1986. Pesticide app lica tor groups Rice farmer Tulung Agung, East Java Janury 1984 Septemb,.-r 1985 Horticulture farmer Karo, N. Sumatera January 1986 Malang, East Java March 1986 Number of a pp licato rsexamined Chocolate plantation worker Banyuwangi, East Java XXVI LTD, Oct. 1986 60 Glenmore LTD, Oct. 1986 67 59 137 123 Knowledge Attitude -------------------------- -- - . -- - - GCo",d 11l CXXo Ba 22(37%) 37(63%) 16(27%) 43(73%) 50(43%) 67(57%) 50(43%) 67(57%) 55(45%) 68(55%) 64(52%) 59(48%) 39(65%) 21(35%) 33(55%) 27(45%) 38(57%) 29(43%) 39(58%) 28(42%) Table 3.2 Condition of the practices of pesticide applicator groups in Indonesia, 1984 1986. Pesticide applicator groups Number of applicators examined Protective clothing Personal hygiene Pesticide waste disposal Good Rd CKod al Good Bi Rice farmer Tuhng Agung, East Java January 1984 39 7 32 12 27 8 31 September 1985 (18%) (825) (31%)(69%) (21%)(79%) - - - Horticulture famer Karo, N. Sumatera January 1986 45 22 23 17 28 15 30 Malang, East Java (49%) (51%) (35%)(65%) (39%) (61%) March 1986 42 22 20 15 27 17 27 Chocolate plantation worker (53%) (47%) (36%) (64%) (40%) (60%) Banyuwangi, East Java XXVI LTD, Oct. 1986 Glenmore LTD, Oct. 1986 46 - - - 10 36 42 4 43 - 3 (22%) (78) (91%) (9%) (93%) (7%) - - -
IIEALIII HAZARDS OFPESrICIDE USE IN INDONESIA 307 group still needs to be proven. In interpreting the data, it is necessary to know that in Tiyudan village, several acute pesticide outbreaks had occurred before, e.g., in 1983 there were 20 deaths out of 48 cases reported; in January 1984, no deaths out of 6 cases reported: and in September 1985, 4 deaths out of 4 cases. The knowledge and attitude of the pesticide applicator groups in cocoa plantations are relatively better than the other farmer groups studied. However, based on the measurement of cholinesterase activity in Oc blood of the pesticide applicator groups in Glenmore LTD, 37 persons (55%) were in conditions of mild and moderate poisoning. Field observations proved that female pesticide applicators in Glenmore Ltd Plantation, when applying the pesticide, were not provided with :he recommended protective clothing. They used only casuai clothing. These experiences show that every pesticide management company, besides performing the training of applicators in application techniques, should also provide recommended protective clothing and information about safe use of pesticides for every pesticide applicator (Anonymous 1983a). THE DT)I FORMULATING PLANT AND ENVIRONI ENTAL POLLUTION IN INDONEISIA The main environmental pollution problem attributed to pesticides in Indonesia is pesticide pollution in bodies of water. The pollutant may threaten the health of people, from those who stay along streams to those far away from the source of pollution. Based onl field observations and other information, it can Ie concluded that pesticide pollutants originating from pesticide formulating and woodl preservation plants have high priority to be investigated. Pesticide pollution problems in water are aggravated by agricultural waste and by the bad habit of pesticide handlers of dumping unused pesticides in open bodies of water. These problems are serious since most of the rural population still use ponds, streams and rivers as their water supply. The government has set targets for providing clean water to rural inhabitants; in 1984/1985 the target was 36.2% of tie total population, while for 199( it is 60% (Anonymous 1985). Although clear evidence of disease resulting from pesticide pollution in the physical environment in Indonesia is not available, it is obvious that long-term surveillance efforts on pesticide r.sidues that may escape to critical areas are needed. Because of the lack of resources and experienced personnel, monitoring of environmental pollution is still limited to the DDT formulating plant located in Cicada village, Bogor Regency. A series of samples consisting of water, soil and air has been taken from private residences surrounding the plant. There are five point sampling locations. Point A is about 150 i on the northcast side of the plant, point B about 250 m on the east side of the plant, point C about 300 m on the northwest side of the plant, point D about 200 in on the west side of the plant, and point K as a control site about 3 km northwet of the plant. All water samples are taken from open wells. Air samples are taken based on the Greenburg-Smith impinger system (Mann, undated). Monitoring of the DDT formulating plant has been done periodically and the results fed back to the West Java Province Pollution Control Team, to corrective action if necessary. The results of the monitoring activity are presented in Table 4.
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Pesticide Managemen and Integrated
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Correct citation: P. S.Teng and K.,
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IPM DEVELOPMENT Crop protection and
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A comparative study on the occupati
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PREFACE The Southeast Asi-n region
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUIURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR P'STICIDE ,MANAGEM
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FUTURE NEEDS FOR PESTICIDE MANAGEME
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1UI'RE NEEDS FOR PIESTICIDF MA NAGI
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1:1-FURT: NEED'I)S FOR PF.SII1)" MA
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14 PI-S'IlCIDE MANAGIEMENT AND 1PM
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16 Il-'IICIDE MANA(C;I-N'I AND IPM
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18 PF1STnCIDF MANAGEMENT AND IPM 1:
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OVERVIEW OF IPM INFRASTRUCTURE AND
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Table 2. List of some of the major
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS ININDONTSIA 25
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2. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE IPM ON FOOD
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[IM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 33
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IMPLEI MENTATION Cost Objectives IP
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 37
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IPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 39
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HPM ON ESTATE CROPS IN MALAYSIA 4 1
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4.4 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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46 PESTCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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Table 1continued Variety Maturity N
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50 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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52 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM IN SO
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54 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENTI AND IPM IN
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56 PES'IiCIDE MANAGIEMI/N'I AND 1PM
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5X iILPI1CiDI: NANA;I-\II AND 1PM I
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6G PESI1CIDE MANAGEMENT AND 1PM INS
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02 PI:SICIDIANAGIME-T AND I, INSOUI
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64 PESTiCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INS
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THE ROLE OF INSECTICIDES IN RICE IP
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ROLE OF INSE-TICIDES INRICE IPM SYS
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ROLE OF INSETICIDES INRICE I1'M SYS
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FEASIBILITY OF USING LOCALLY PRODUC
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USE OFB 1"J CONTROL IROPICAL INSECr
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USE OF BI TO CONTROL'TROPICAL INSEC
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USE OF Bt TO CONrOIROLTOPICAL INS E
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USE OF B TO CONTROL'IROPICAL INSECT
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84 PFS'I1CID MANAGEMFN'I AND IPM IN
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90 PI:S'ICIDE MANAGI'ENTIIN AND HPM
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92 PI-iCIDE ,MANAGEMENTr AND IPM IN
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DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION CONTROL THRES
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DEVELOPMflr r OF ACTION CONTROL TIR
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DEVEOPMENr OF ACTION CONTROL TIRESI
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DEVE.OPMENT OF ACTION CONTROLmTIIRE
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ECONOMICS OF INTEGRATED PEST CONTRO
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Increase innet return (S/ho) 30 25
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Table 3. Possible negative impact o
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ECONOMICS OFIPC IN RICE IN SOUTIIlE
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ECONOMICS OF IPC IN RICE INSOUTIEAS
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114 PSTICIDE MANAGENTIr AND IPM IN
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116 PES11CIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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118 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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122 PESCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM INSO
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124 PESTICIDE MANAGIEN-" AND nPM IN
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126 PEI1CIDE MANAGIMENT AND IPM IN
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CORN STALK BO
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OFCORN STALK BOR
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CROP PROTECTION AND 1PM IN RAINFED
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSTEMS INN
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IPM IN RAINI:ED CROI iNC; SYSTE'IMS
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IPM IN RAINFED CROPPING SYSIEMS IN
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1PM IN RAINFIED CROPIPING SYS'I.IS
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I 4b IIk%1CII)E - MANAGIIj.NTI ANt)
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148 PE3SIICtDEMANAGEMENI' AND IPM I
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150 PFSTICII)E MANAG'MENTI" AND IIM
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152 PESllCIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
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154 PESTICIDE MANAGEMFNT AND IPM IN
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AN APPROACH TO INTEGRATED PEST MANA
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IPM AI'I V'IIlE.S OF TI tE PlIIAI'P
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no.&% 60 50 40 1PM ACTIVrI1S OF "I'
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IM ACI'IV1IS OF1TI III 111.1 11NI t
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1PM ACT'IVrIIES O: TIlE II/P1 IILII
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IPM ACI'IVrll-S OF TI I 11 II.PlNE-
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF IPM: THE
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ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF 1PM 171 W
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ECONOMIC JIS'IFICATION OF PIIM173 W
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN SUGARCANE IN THAI
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HPM ACHIVITIES INSUGARCANI INTIIAIL
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Table 2. Comparison of investment c
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IPM ACTIVITIES IN COCONUT IN SOUTHE
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)M A(:I'IV'IIB.S INC(X:()N1S 183 co
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IPM ACI'VITIES IN COCONUTS 185 year
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON OIL PALM IN MALA
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IPEST MANAGEF.N'rON OI IPALM IhNMAL
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PI TFMANAGIEMI-\I'ON O11. IAIM INMA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PI'ST MANAGLMI .N'I' ON C(XXOA INMA
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IIST M,',ANAGEMpI'r ON COCO,', INMA
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P.ST MANAG!,MlNI" ON CCXTO)A IN MAA
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PEST MANAGEMENT ON COCOA IN MALAYSI
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PES' MANAGEMIN ON COCOA INMALAYSIA
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206 I'ES'ICIDI MANA(IMFIT AND IPMIN
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208 PESTICIDE MANAGI-2.MENT AND HPM
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210 PFS'I1CIDE MANAG[12EN' AND IPM
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21 - 1CIDI- MANAGI.MI-NT AND IPM IN
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Table 2. Effect of different insect
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Table 3. Comparative economics of d
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220 IP'FCID:IMANAGMENT AND HPM IN S
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222 PFuS'IICIDE MANAGFMI'NT' AND IP
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224 PESTICIDE MANAGIEMEN'I' AND 1PM
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2 26 I'S'lCII)EIIMANAGFMI'NT"AND IP
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228 PESTICIDE MANAGENENT AND IPM IN
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230 P.STICIDE MANAGEMIN I'AND IM IN
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232 IESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND fPM IN
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234 PESTICIDIF MIANAGI:.EN' AND 1PM
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236 I. S'EI1CI1)- MANAGtMI/NT' AND
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I 0 af VV4' ~ . f). IC AI ~ 1U 8 '8
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240 PES'I1CIDE MANAGFMEN'"I' AND IP
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242 tl-S'(ll.E MANAGIMI-NI AND IPM
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244 PESTICIDE MANAGEMI-Nt' AND IPM
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APPENDIX I continued__ Pest 1.6 Zig
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APPENDIX I continued Pest 3. Rats (
Page 249 and 250: APPENDIX I continued Pest Sampling
Page 251 and 252: 252 PE."ST'IICIDI- MANAGEMI-ENT AND
Page 253 and 254: 254 PESICIDE MANAGFMAENT AND [PM IN
Page 255 and 256: OVERVIEW OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PR
Page 257 and 258: PISICIDE R3SISTANCE PROILEMS INSOU1
Page 259 and 260: PII'S'IICIDI" RESISTAN(J- IROBI.I[M
Page 261 and 262: lI.S'I1CIDEi RFSISIANCI- IIROIII.I'
Page 263 and 264: Insect Rice insect pcst Nilaparvata
Page 265 and 266: APPENDIX I continued Insect Insect
Page 267 and 268: 271 Pt-5ICIDI- MANA(;I\I-' AN) 1PM
Page 269 and 270: 272 7 cb2ol:\1ANA { \I:\ AND PM IN
Page 271 and 272: 274 PESICDE MANAG-MENT AND 11M IN S
Page 273 and 274: 276 Pt:S'ICIDF MANAGI-I' AND IIM IN
Page 275 and 276: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PROBLEMS N. Si
Page 277 and 278: Percent Control Figure 1. Trend of
Page 279 and 280: 1'ESTICIDE RISISTANCE PROBLEMS IN T
Page 281 and 282: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE PHILIPP
Page 283 and 284: PSTICIDE RESISTANCE IN TIME PHILIPP
Page 285 and 286: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE INTIlE PHILIPP
Page 287 and 288: 292 PE'STICIDE MANAGMitwr AND IPM I
Page 289 and 290: 294 PESTICIDE MANAGEmr[ ENT AND IM
Page 291 and 292: PESTICIDE RESISTANCE: THE REALITIES
Page 293 and 294: PFESlICIDE RIEISTANCE: TILE REALIES
Page 295 and 296: HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE USE OF PE
Page 297 and 298: IEALTH LAZARDS OF PESIfCIDE USE INI
Page 299: IEALTII IhAZARDS OF PESTICIDE USE I
Page 303 and 304: HEALTH HIAZARDS OF PESICIDE USE IN
Page 305 and 306: 312 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 307 and 308: 314 PFSTICIDE MANAGEMENr AND IPM IN
Page 309 and 310: 316 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND IPM IN
Page 311 and 312: 318 PESTICIDJE MANAGIB-ENT AND IPM
Page 313 and 314: PESTICIDE POISONING STUDIES AND DAT
Page 315 and 316: IEST1CIDE POISONING INTI1AILAND 323
Page 317 and 318: PESTICIDE POISONING: IMPROVING AND
Page 319 and 320: PESTICIDE POISONING IN SOUTiIEASTAS
Page 321 and 322: PE.STICIDE POISONING IN SOUhIIIEAST
Page 323 and 324: 332 PfS'I1CID. MANAG6EMI'NTF AND I1
Page 325 and 326: 334 PESICIDF .MANAGFR\WF.NT AND IPM
Page 327 and 328: 336 P'ST:I1DIE MANAGF.MI N'IAND IPM
Page 329 and 330: 338 PrsI1CID MANAGEI\WEN-r AND IPM
Page 331 and 332: 340 III MANAGIPMNM' ANI 1PM IN SOUI
Page 333 and 334: PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THAILAND N. T
Page 335 and 336: PF;TICl)I:B RI'NIID I S iN I'IIJAIL
Page 337 and 338: PI-STICIDF RESIDUES IN TIIAILAND 3-
Page 339 and 340: 35(0 PIS'ICIIE MANA(;IINI AND IPM I
Page 341 and 342: 352 PESTICIDE MANAGEIEN'Ir AND HPM
Page 343 and 344: 354 PESTICIDE MANAGEMEN' AND IPM IN
Page 345 and 346: 356( I'FUsTICII).. MANAGt~I-MENT AN
Page 347 and 348: 358 PIESTICIDF MANAG:M'NT AND IM IN
Page 349 and 350: 360 PFTP0CIDE MANAGMMENF AND HPM IN
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362 PFS'l1CJDF MANAGEMINT AND 1PM I
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364 PFS11CIDIMANAGI.MI:N'F AND IPM
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366 PFPSTICtDF IANAGLME1.N-r AND IP
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE TRIALS IN RICE IN
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t'ESI('IDiE RIsIRtIIS IN INt)NI SIA
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MONIT
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PMtI1CIDE RESIDUE CONTROL AND MoNrr
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Table 2 continued Crop and pesticid
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THE
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PES'I1CIDE RFSIDUES INfI-OD AND TIE
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PESTICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD ANDTIIE E
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PIS'IICIDI:RI-SIDLt.S INIOODANDTIIE
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PES1ICIDF RESIDUES INFOOD AND1IILEE
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PESICIDE RFSIDUFS INFOOD AND TIIEEN
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WHAT DO PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN 11EIENVIRONME
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES INTIIlE EN VIRON
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I S11CID[E RSI I)UES INTIl E NVIRON
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MANUAL ON THE USE OF PESTICIDES UND
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDEI.HI)ANK-FINA
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USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER BANK-FINANC
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APPENDIX I continued USE OF PES'ICI
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OCCUPATI
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Table 1. Operator exposure (ml spra
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OCCUPATIONAL FIDPOSURE OF SPRAY WOR
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OCCUPATIONAT. TEIPOSI IRE OF SIRAY
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Dl-t-r 4 26t filtercaftirdme cast O
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418 PESI1CIDE MANAGIEMENr AND IPM I
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420 PESTCIDE MANAGFMENI"r AND IPM I
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DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMI
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DE9IRUCtION OF PESTICIDE AND CIIEMI
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DISI'RtCI'ION 01 I[.SIICII)I" AND C
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DIgi'RLCI'ION O II'I1fCIDI)I ANI) C
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DESIRUCTION O1 PESTICIDE AND C1 IEM
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LOOKING FOR THAILAND'S "LOVE CANAL"
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LOOKING FOR'I11AILAND'S LOVE CANAL"
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PESTICIDE PROBLEMS AND INDONESIAN N
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PFSTICIDE PROBLEMS AND NGO ACI'IVIT
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4412 I)I'I(CII)F MANA( I-I' AN) 1PM
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444 Pt':S-c'iI[E M\IANAGMI'.11 .V A
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446 IPESTICIDtE MANAGEIENT AND I'M
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Table 1. Training program on the sa
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PESTICIDE SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRAM
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PESTICII)E SAFE USE TRAINING PROGRA
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I-STICIDt SA-E USTRAIN1NG PROGRAMS
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TRAINING THE TRAINER BY INDUSTRY E.
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TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN THAIL
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TRAIN-TIlE-TRAINER PROGRAMS IN TIIA
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PESTICIDE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAMS
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DURATION 45-60 min. 60-90 min. 120
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PIESTICIDIE SAI.IY '[RAINING PROGRA
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470 IPESTICIDL: MANAGFMI:NI' AND HP
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472 PFIS1CIDF NANA(;ILMI.N'F AND HP
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