The Quest for Relevant Air Power

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128 │ French Air Force 1960s, when the FAF ordered 12 American Boeing C-135FR aerial tankers to support its Mirage IV strategic bomber squadrons. 296 From 1985 onwards, the C-135FRs received new engines to improve their performance. This, however, only slightly eased French shortfalls in AAR, which became evident during Operation Desert Storm and again during Operation Allied Force. 297 Moreover, the availability rate has decreased due to the high degree of maintenance required for the aging C-135FR fleet. This problem also affected the C-160 Transall fleet and early versions of the Mirage 2000—their availability rate fell at times to between 50 to 60 per cent. Emergency sums for maintenance were disbursed in 2002 in an attempt to alleviate the deficit. 298 As in the case of the combat aircraft fleet, the FAF introduced various interim solutions to maintain its AAR capacities at a sufficient level. For instance, a number of C-135FRs were equipped with additional wing-mounted refuelling pods. Moreover, the purchase of three additional secondhand C-135s was announced in the military planning law for 1997– 2002. 299 Beyond 2015 the aging French tanker fleet is planned to be renewed by the acquisition of 14 Airbus multirole transport tanker (MRTT) aircraft. 300 Another specific element of air mobility is CSAR. The FAF has undertaken particular efforts in this field in recent years. During the Balkans crisis, the FAF provided the only European CSAR capability alongside the Americans. 301 A CSAR helicopter squadron consisting of nine specially equipped Puma helicopters was formed for this purpose in 1994. 302 To enhance its CSAR capability, the FAF ordered the EC 725 Caracal helicopters conceived for the CSAR task. The FAF views CSAR as a key capability that can also provide leverage in coalition operations. 303 C4ISTAR Shortfalls in the area of C4ISTAR proved to be serious during Operation Desert Storm. The lack of electronic C2 systems particularly constrained the FAF in its freedom of action. 304 Efforts to improve the situation followed throughout the 1990s. A quantum leap was made at the outset of the post–Cold War era by the procurement of four Boeing E-3 AWACS aircraft. In a national scenario, they significantly complemented ground-based detectors. In an out-of-area scenario, they provided an unprece-
French Air Force │ 129 Courtesy FAF, Sirpa Air The FAF ordered EC 725 Caracal helicopters to enhance its CSAR capability. dented early warning capability. 305 In the field of computer-aided C2 systems, however, the FAF was still facing a major shortfall in the early 1990s, as it still hinged upon a 30-year-old system. Improvements were expected through the introduction of the successor system, the SCCOA (système de commandement et de conduite des opérations aériennes or air operations command and control system). This system was conceived to automate most C2 and detection functions as well as to facilitate the conduct of defensive and offensive missions by fusing data of various sensors. 306 The SCCOA encompasses a deployable component and is interoperable with its NATO equivalent. The deployable component of SCCOA can support a JFACC in deployed combined operations, a capability which allows France to take on lead-nation status. 307
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The Quest for Relevant Air Power
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The Quest for Relevant Air Power Co
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Dedicated to my parents, Olga and C
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CONTENTS Chapter Page How Have Fren
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CONTENTS Table Illustrations Page 1
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CONTENTS Photo Page Eurofighter Typ
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Foreword During the Cold War, the c
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About the Author Christian F. Anrig
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS opment in France; C
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS retired, who helped
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2 │ INTRODUCTION Courtesy Gripen
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4 │ INTRODUCTION ing an air bridg
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6 │ INTRODUCTION Cooperative vent
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8 │ INTRODUCTION Continental Euro
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10 │ INTRODUCTION more expedition
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Chapter 2 Post-Cold War Challenges
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 15 str
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 17 sig
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 19 str
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 21 Est
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 23 bor
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 25 of
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 27 Emp
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 29 Kuw
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 31 man
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 33 All
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 35 mul
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 37 Por
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 39 be
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 41 war
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 43 The
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 45 pat
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 47 com
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 49 pow
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 51 and
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 53 Cou
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 55 Cou
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 57 of
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 59 tic
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 61 Int
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 63 USA
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 65 ed.
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 67 (92
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 69 89.
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 71 Mul
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 73 175
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 75 231
Page 101 and 102: POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 77 fen
Page 103: POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 79 314
Page 106 and 107: 82 │ French Air Force Courtesy FA
Page 108 and 109: 84 │ French Air Force the previou
Page 110 and 111: 86 │ French Air Force crisis mana
Page 112 and 113: 88 │ French Air Force FAF’s con
Page 114 and 115: 90 │ French Air Force attaining t
Page 116 and 117: 92 │ French Air Force latter was
Page 118 and 119: 94 │ French Air Force Franco-NATO
Page 120 and 121: 96 │ French Air Force Alliance Po
Page 122 and 123: 98 │ French Air Force they provid
Page 124 and 125: 100 │ French Air Force FAF to tes
Page 126 and 127: 102 │ French Air Force French Con
Page 128 and 129: 104 │ French Air Force Courtesy F
Page 130 and 131: 106 │ French Air Force sance miss
Page 132 and 133: 108 │ French Air Force Both in th
Page 134 and 135: 110 │ French Air Force Courtesy F
Page 136 and 137: 112 │ French Air Force How Has th
Page 138 and 139: 114 │ French Air Force Penser les
Page 140 and 141: 116 │ French Air Force Teaching o
Page 142 and 143: 118 │ French Air Force Whereas th
Page 144 and 145: 120 │ French Air Force Warden’s
Page 146 and 147: 122 │ French Air Force term barga
Page 148 and 149: 124 │ French Air Force they could
Page 150 and 151: 126 │ French Air Force 1990s, the
Page 154 and 155: 130 │ French Air Force Interopera
Page 156 and 157: 132 │ French Air Force In the dom
Page 158 and 159: 134 │ French Air Force Before 200
Page 160 and 161: 136 │ French Air Force Notes 1. J
Page 162 and 163: 138 │ French Air Force 54. MOD, F
Page 164 and 165: 140 │ French Air Force 111. Jér
Page 166 and 167: 142 │ French Air Force 154. Utley
Page 168 and 169: 144 │ French Air Force 197. Col J
Page 170 and 171: 146 │ French Air Force 231. Col R
Page 172 and 173: 148 │ French Air Force _defense/l
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 4 German Air Force (Luftwaf
Page 177 and 178: GERMAN Air Force │ 153 and actual
Page 179 and 180: GERMAN Air Force │ 155 • contri
Page 181 and 182: GERMAN Air Force │ 157 forces to
Page 183 and 184: GERMAN Air Force │ 159 minister,
Page 185 and 186: GERMAN Air Force │ 161 Moreover,
Page 187 and 188: GERMAN Air Force │ 163 Centre (Na
Page 189 and 190: GERMAN Air Force │ 165 airspace s
Page 191 and 192: GERMAN Air Force │ 167 for full e
Page 193 and 194: GERMAN Air Force │ 169 new era co
Page 195 and 196: GERMAN Air Force │ 171 Eurofighte
Page 197 and 198: GERMAN Air Force │ 173 assets suc
Page 199 and 200: GERMAN Air Force │ 175 eration wa
Page 201 and 202: GERMAN Air Force │ 177 Germany’
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GERMAN Air Force │ 179 craft. 174
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GERMAN Air Force │ 181 Germany’
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GERMAN Air Force │ 183 German con
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GERMAN Air Force │ 185 airliners
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GERMAN Air Force │ 187 publish a
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GERMAN Air Force │ 189 is in gene
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GERMAN Air Force │ 191 Germany’
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GERMAN Air Force │ 193 Sicherheit
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GERMAN Air Force │ 195 With the u
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GERMAN Air Force │ 197 In the fie
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GERMAN Air Force │ 199 GAF Transa
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GERMAN Air Force │ 201 reform in
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GERMAN Air Force │ 203 GAF Patrio
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GERMAN Air Force │ 205 means to a
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GERMAN Air Force │ 207 4. Hans-We
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GERMAN Air Force │ 209 56. Intern
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GERMAN Air Force │ 211 104. Inter
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GERMAN Air Force │ 213 169. Grund
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GERMAN Air Force │ 215 230. Vogt
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GERMAN Air Force │ 217 rung des P
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GERMAN Air Force │ 219 302. Newdi
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Chapter 5 Royal Netherlands Air For
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ROYAL NETHERLANDS Air Force │ 223
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280 │ Swedish Air Force Cold War,
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282 │ Swedish Air Force Threat an
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284 │ Swedish Air Force the risk
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286 │ Swedish Air Force took plac
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288 │ Swedish Air Force maritime
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290 │ Swedish Air Force streamlin
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292 │ Swedish Air Force of a full
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294 │ Swedish Air Force liaison,
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296 │ Swedish Air Force This deve
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298 │ Swedish Air Force ticipatio
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300 │ Swedish Air Force malised p
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302 │ Swedish Air Force Annah Lin
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304 │ Swedish Air Force around th
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306 │ Swedish Air Force Démocrat
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308 │ Swedish Air Force air power
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310 │ Swedish Air Force defence r
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312 │ Swedish Air Force staff col
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314 │ Swedish Air Force continuou
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316 │ Swedish Air Force Courtesy
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318 │ Swedish Air Force Paveway I
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320 │ Swedish Air Force C4ISTAR D
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322 │ Swedish Air Force Courtesy
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324 │ Swedish Air Force critical
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326 │ Swedish Air Force risk perc
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328 │ Swedish Air Force 21. MOD,
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330 │ Swedish Air Force 64. Organ
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332 │ Swedish Air Force 113. Jorg
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334 │ Swedish Air Force 169. Ibid
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336 │ Swedish Air Force 226. Pers
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338 │ CONCLUSION ern concepts—i
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340 │ CONCLUSION Table 7. Force r
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342 │ CONCLUSION While including
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344 │ CONCLUSION Unlike France, G
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346 │ CONCLUSION such as airborne
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348 │ CONCLUSION NBG Gripen detac
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350 │ CONCLUSION armament, and C4
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352 │ CONCLUSION RNLAF leadership
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354 │ CONCLUSION study course com
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356 │ CONCLUSION strengthen the i
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358 │ CONCLUSION craft such as th
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360 │ CONCLUSION Courtesy Gripen
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362 │ CONCLUSION 1,000 aircraft i
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364 │ ABBREVIATIONS CESAM CFSP CI
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366 │ ABBREVIATIONS LPM MALE MANP
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Selected Bibliography This selected
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 371 Schmidt, Col (
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 373 ———. Wei
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 375 ———. Les
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 377 Books and Arti
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 379 Defense Indust
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 381 for a White Pa
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 383 Keaney, Thomas
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 385 ———. “
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 387 ———. “
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Index A400M, 26, 52-53, 55, 60, 90,
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INDEX │ 391 air-to-ground surveil
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INDEX │ 393 171, 184, 187, 201-2,
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INDEX │ 395 Franco-Belgian Advanc
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INDEX │ 397 man-portable air defe
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INDEX │ 399 SAMP-T. See sol-air m
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The Quest for Relevant Air Power Co
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