The Quest for Relevant Air Power

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322 │ Swedish Air Force Courtesy Gripen International; photo by Frans Dely ASC 890 Erieye airborne early warning and control aircraft escorted by Gripen fighter aircraft JAS 39C/D Gripens are not being equipped with the Taras, the latest Swedish fighter link, but with the NATO interoperable Link-16 terminal MIDS. 231 Furthermore, the aircraft are receiving a NATO-compatible IFF. 232 This necessity for interoperability on a technological level was backed by the highest Swedish decision makers. As such the 2004–5 defence bill argues that Swedish networkbased defence developments were to be coordinated with international developments. 233 Since a network-based defence depends upon control of the electromagnetic spectrum, the SwAF also made efforts to retain its expertise in airborne standoff jamming. For this purpose, 10 two-seat Viggens were modified into dedicated electronic warfare platforms in the late 1990s. These so-called SK 37E Viggens were phased out in mid-2007. As a next step, the JAS 39D Gripen might be further developed into an electronic warfare platform. Yet the project does not have the highest priority for the SwAF. 234 Against the backdrop of European shortfalls in airborne standoff jamming, however, the SwAF potentially could gain significant leverage through its long-standing experience in this area. The SwAF also uses the electromagnetic spectrum as a means for intelligence
swedish Air Force │ 323 gathering. Since 1974 two Sud Aviation Caravelles had been in SwAF service as SIGINT aircraft. These aircraft were replaced by two modified Gulfstream G-IVSPs, with the SwAF designation S 102B Korpen. 235 The S 102B systems were commissioned in 1997 and 1998. 236 In the area of tactical air-to-ground reconnaissance, the SwAF had two dedicated reconnaissance Viggen versions at its disposal during the 1980s, the SF 37 Viggen (reconnaissance-land) and the SH 37 Viggen (reconnaissance-sea). In the early 1990s, 13 SF 37 Viggens and 25 SH 37 Viggens were upgraded to AJSF 37 and AJSH 37 standard, respectively. To carry out their reconnaissance tasks, the AJSF 37 Viggens used optical cameras and the AJSH 37 Viggens air-to-ground radar, particularly suited for maritime reconnaissance. 237 With the introduction of the JAS 39 Gripen combat system, the SwAF entered into an era where specifically dedicated reconnaissance aircraft are no longer required. The JAS 39 Gripen’s radar is particularly suited for maritime reconnaissance, and for ground reconnaissance missions, the Gripen received in 2007 an indigenously developed modular reconnaissance pod system, fitted with a secure data link to provide real-time information to ground stations. 238 Up to the introduction of this new reconnaissance pod, 10 AJSF 37 reconnaissance Viggens were kept in the SwAF’s inventory. 239 In the future, the SwAF’s reconnaissance capability might be augmented by RPAs. In this domain, the Swedish aerospace industry is pursuing a cooperative approach. 240 Conclusion During the post–Cold War era, the SwAF has come a long way from an air force almost exclusively geared up to autonomous territorial defence to an air force that can operate in an international environment. Yet, in an era where power projection and combined operations have become increasingly important, Sweden’s Cold War legacy exerted significant inertia upon reforms. Only in the late 1990s was the Swedish defence establishment ready to forego fundamental principles such as the focus upon autonomous territorial defence. The defence reform, commencing in 1999, had far-reaching consequences for the SwAF. As such, it underwent massive force cuts. In fact, the SwAF seems to have reached a
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The Quest for Relevant Air Power
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The Quest for Relevant Air Power Co
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Dedicated to my parents, Olga and C
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CONTENTS Chapter Page How Have Fren
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CONTENTS Table Illustrations Page 1
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CONTENTS Photo Page Eurofighter Typ
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Foreword During the Cold War, the c
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About the Author Christian F. Anrig
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS opment in France; C
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS retired, who helped
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2 │ INTRODUCTION Courtesy Gripen
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4 │ INTRODUCTION ing an air bridg
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6 │ INTRODUCTION Cooperative vent
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8 │ INTRODUCTION Continental Euro
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10 │ INTRODUCTION more expedition
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Chapter 2 Post-Cold War Challenges
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 15 str
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 17 sig
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 19 str
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 21 Est
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 23 bor
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 25 of
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 27 Emp
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 29 Kuw
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 31 man
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 33 All
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 35 mul
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 37 Por
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 39 be
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 41 war
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 43 The
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 45 pat
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 47 com
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 49 pow
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 51 and
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 53 Cou
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 55 Cou
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 57 of
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 59 tic
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 61 Int
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 63 USA
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 65 ed.
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 67 (92
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 69 89.
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 71 Mul
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 73 175
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POST-COLD WAR CHALLENGES │ 77 fen
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82 │ French Air Force Courtesy FA
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84 │ French Air Force the previou
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86 │ French Air Force crisis mana
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88 │ French Air Force FAF’s con
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90 │ French Air Force attaining t
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92 │ French Air Force latter was
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94 │ French Air Force Franco-NATO
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96 │ French Air Force Alliance Po
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98 │ French Air Force they provid
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100 │ French Air Force FAF to tes
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102 │ French Air Force French Con
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104 │ French Air Force Courtesy F
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106 │ French Air Force sance miss
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108 │ French Air Force Both in th
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110 │ French Air Force Courtesy F
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112 │ French Air Force How Has th
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114 │ French Air Force Penser les
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116 │ French Air Force Teaching o
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118 │ French Air Force Whereas th
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120 │ French Air Force Warden’s
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122 │ French Air Force term barga
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124 │ French Air Force they could
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126 │ French Air Force 1990s, the
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128 │ French Air Force 1960s, whe
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130 │ French Air Force Interopera
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132 │ French Air Force In the dom
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134 │ French Air Force Before 200
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136 │ French Air Force Notes 1. J
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138 │ French Air Force 54. MOD, F
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140 │ French Air Force 111. Jér
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142 │ French Air Force 154. Utley
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144 │ French Air Force 197. Col J
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146 │ French Air Force 231. Col R
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148 │ French Air Force _defense/l
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Chapter 4 German Air Force (Luftwaf
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GERMAN Air Force │ 153 and actual
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GERMAN Air Force │ 155 • contri
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GERMAN Air Force │ 157 forces to
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GERMAN Air Force │ 159 minister,
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GERMAN Air Force │ 161 Moreover,
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GERMAN Air Force │ 163 Centre (Na
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GERMAN Air Force │ 165 airspace s
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GERMAN Air Force │ 167 for full e
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GERMAN Air Force │ 169 new era co
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GERMAN Air Force │ 171 Eurofighte
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GERMAN Air Force │ 173 assets suc
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GERMAN Air Force │ 175 eration wa
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GERMAN Air Force │ 177 Germany’
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GERMAN Air Force │ 179 craft. 174
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GERMAN Air Force │ 183 German con
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GERMAN Air Force │ 185 airliners
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GERMAN Air Force │ 187 publish a
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GERMAN Air Force │ 189 is in gene
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GERMAN Air Force │ 193 Sicherheit
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GERMAN Air Force │ 195 With the u
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GERMAN Air Force │ 197 In the fie
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GERMAN Air Force │ 199 GAF Transa
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GERMAN Air Force │ 201 reform in
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GERMAN Air Force │ 203 GAF Patrio
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GERMAN Air Force │ 205 means to a
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GERMAN Air Force │ 207 4. Hans-We
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GERMAN Air Force │ 209 56. Intern
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GERMAN Air Force │ 211 104. Inter
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GERMAN Air Force │ 213 169. Grund
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GERMAN Air Force │ 215 230. Vogt
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GERMAN Air Force │ 217 rung des P
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GERMAN Air Force │ 219 302. Newdi
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Chapter 5 Royal Netherlands Air For
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ROYAL NETHERLANDS Air Force │ 223
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Page 295 and 296: ROYAL NETHERLANDS Air Force │ 271
Page 301: ROYAL NETHERLANDS Air Force │ 277
Page 304 and 305: 280 │ Swedish Air Force Cold War,
Page 306 and 307: 282 │ Swedish Air Force Threat an
Page 308 and 309: 284 │ Swedish Air Force the risk
Page 310 and 311: 286 │ Swedish Air Force took plac
Page 312 and 313: 288 │ Swedish Air Force maritime
Page 314 and 315: 290 │ Swedish Air Force streamlin
Page 316 and 317: 292 │ Swedish Air Force of a full
Page 318 and 319: 294 │ Swedish Air Force liaison,
Page 320 and 321: 296 │ Swedish Air Force This deve
Page 322 and 323: 298 │ Swedish Air Force ticipatio
Page 324 and 325: 300 │ Swedish Air Force malised p
Page 326 and 327: 302 │ Swedish Air Force Annah Lin
Page 328 and 329: 304 │ Swedish Air Force around th
Page 330 and 331: 306 │ Swedish Air Force Démocrat
Page 332 and 333: 308 │ Swedish Air Force air power
Page 334 and 335: 310 │ Swedish Air Force defence r
Page 336 and 337: 312 │ Swedish Air Force staff col
Page 338 and 339: 314 │ Swedish Air Force continuou
Page 340 and 341: 316 │ Swedish Air Force Courtesy
Page 342 and 343: 318 │ Swedish Air Force Paveway I
Page 344 and 345: 320 │ Swedish Air Force C4ISTAR D
Page 348 and 349: 324 │ Swedish Air Force critical
Page 350 and 351: 326 │ Swedish Air Force risk perc
Page 352 and 353: 328 │ Swedish Air Force 21. MOD,
Page 354 and 355: 330 │ Swedish Air Force 64. Organ
Page 356 and 357: 332 │ Swedish Air Force 113. Jorg
Page 358 and 359: 334 │ Swedish Air Force 169. Ibid
Page 360 and 361: 336 │ Swedish Air Force 226. Pers
Page 362 and 363: 338 │ CONCLUSION ern concepts—i
Page 364 and 365: 340 │ CONCLUSION Table 7. Force r
Page 366 and 367: 342 │ CONCLUSION While including
Page 368 and 369: 344 │ CONCLUSION Unlike France, G
Page 370 and 371: 346 │ CONCLUSION such as airborne
Page 372 and 373: 348 │ CONCLUSION NBG Gripen detac
Page 374 and 375: 350 │ CONCLUSION armament, and C4
Page 376 and 377: 352 │ CONCLUSION RNLAF leadership
Page 378 and 379: 354 │ CONCLUSION study course com
Page 380 and 381: 356 │ CONCLUSION strengthen the i
Page 382 and 383: 358 │ CONCLUSION craft such as th
Page 384 and 385: 360 │ CONCLUSION Courtesy Gripen
Page 386 and 387: 362 │ CONCLUSION 1,000 aircraft i
Page 388 and 389: 364 │ ABBREVIATIONS CESAM CFSP CI
Page 390 and 391: 366 │ ABBREVIATIONS LPM MALE MANP
Page 393 and 394: Selected Bibliography This selected
Page 395 and 396: BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 371 Schmidt, Col (
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 373 ———. Wei
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 375 ———. Les
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 377 Books and Arti
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 379 Defense Indust
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 381 for a White Pa
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 383 Keaney, Thomas
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 385 ———. “
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BIBLIOGRAPHY │ 387 ———. “
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Index A400M, 26, 52-53, 55, 60, 90,
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INDEX │ 391 air-to-ground surveil
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INDEX │ 393 171, 184, 187, 201-2,
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INDEX │ 395 Franco-Belgian Advanc
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INDEX │ 397 man-portable air defe
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INDEX │ 399 SAMP-T. See sol-air m
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