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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Table 9.4: Top 40 EU companies for R&D, 2011–2013 Company Base Activity R&D intensity ( 3-year growth) Sales (3-year growth) Volkswagen Germany Automobiles & parts 23.3 15.8 Daimler Germany Automobiles & parts 3.5 6.5 BMW Germany Automobiles & parts 20.0 7.9 Sanofi-Aventis France Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology 2.7 2.7 Robert Bosch Germany Automobiles & parts 6.8 -0.8 Siemens Germany Electronic & electrical equipment 2.4 3.2 Glaxosmithkline UK Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology -2.5 -2.3 Airbus Netherlands Aerospace & defence 5.1 9.0 Ericsson Sweden Technology hardware & equipment 0.1 3.8 Nokia Finland Technology hardware & equipment -11.2 -18.0 Fita Italy Automobiles & parts 20.2 34.3 Bayer Germany Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology 0.5 4.6 AstraZeneca UK Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology 0.9 -8.2 Boehringer Ingelheim Germany Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology 3.8 3.8 Alcatel-Lucent France Technology hardware & equipment -3.6 -3.4 SAP Germany Software & computer services 9.7 10.5 Volvo Sweden Industrial engineering 5.2 1.0 Peugeot (PSA) France Automobiles & parts -6.5 -1.2 Continental Germany Automobiles & oarts 8.0 8.6 BASF Germany Chemicals 7.1 5.0 Philips The Netherlands General industrials 2.5 3.1 Renault France Automobiles & parts 1.2 1.6 Finmeccanica Italy Aerospace & defence -3.9 -5.0 Novo Nordisk Denmark Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology 8.6 11.2 Merck DE Germany Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology 2.5 6.1 Stmicroelectronics Netherlands Technology hardware & equipment -6.4 -7.9 Banco Santander Spain Banking -2.8 -1.7 Safran France Aerospace & defence 31.2 9.5 Royal Bank of Scotland UK Banking 6.9 -9.2 Telefonica Spain Fixed line telecommunications 5.1 -2.1 Unilever The Netherlands Food producers 3.9 4.0 Alstom France Industrial engineering 0.8 -1.1 Telecomitalia Italy Fixed line telecommunications 11.9 -5.3 Royal Dutch Shell UK Oil & gas producers 9.0 7.0 Total France Oil & gas producers 9.9 6.9 Delphi UK Automobiles & parts 9.1 6.0 CNH Industrial The Netherlands Industrial engineering 12.7 6.5 Servier France Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology 9.0 5.9 Seagate Technology Ireland Technology hardware & equipment 11.9 7.3 L'Oréal France Personal goods (beauty products, etc) 8.8 5.6 Source: European Commission Table 9.5: EU’s relative position in the global top 2 500 R&D companies, 2013 EU USA Japan Other countries Number of companies 633 804 387 676 R&D (€ billions) 162.3 193.6 85.6 96.8 Growth in 2010–2013 (%) 5.8 7.0 3.0 9.8 World share in 2013 (%) 30.1 36.0 15.9 18.0 R&D as a share of net sales (%) 2.7 5.0 3.2 2.2 Net sales (€ billions) 5 909.0 3 839.5 2 638.6 4 335.9 Source: Extracted from Hernández et. al (2014), Table 1.2 240
European Union Table 9.6: EU and US companies in selected R&D-intensive sectors, 2013 Industry Number of companies R&D (€ millions) R&D intensity (%)* EU USA EU USA EU USA Health Pharmaceuticals 47 46 26781.9 29150.0 13.2 14.0 Biotechnology 20 98 1238.4 12287.3 16.0 27.2 Health care equipment & services 23 54 2708.2 7483.5 4.4 3.8 Software & services Software 33 86 4797.2 22413.9 14.8 15.0 Computer services 15 46 1311.1 6904.8 5.2 6.9 Internet 2 20 97.6 8811.5 6.3 14.3 * R&D intensity is defined as R&D expenditure divided by net sales. Source: Extracted from Hernández et al. (2014), Table 4.5 Figure 9.5: Employment by R&D intensity, 2005 and 2013 (%) 6 5 5.4 4.8 5.0 Number of employees (millions) 4 3 2 2.0 2.8 3.7 4.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.0 1.5 1 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0 2005 2013 2005 2013 2005 2013 2005 2013 2005 2013 2005 2013 2005 2013 2005 2013 2005 2013 EU USA Japan EU USA Japan EU USA Japan High R&D density Medium-high Medium-low & low Note: The data concern 476 EU companies, 525 US companies and 362 Japanese companies out of the world’s top 2 500 companies according to the EU R&D Scoreboard. Source: Hernández et. al (2014), Figure S3 Making it easier for companies to innovate Europe has been a major producer of new knowledge but it has performed less well in turning new ideas into commercially successful new products and processes. Science and innovation face a more fragmented market than large economies comprised of only one nation state, such as the USA or Japan (Figure 9.6). The EU thus needs a common research policy to avoid duplicating research efforts in different member states. EU research policy has had a strong focus on innovation since 2010, thanks to the introduction of the Innovation Union flagship project and the launch, in 2014, of Horizon 2020, the biggest EU research and innovation framework programme ever (European Commission, 2014b). The Innovation Union is one of the EU’s seven flagship projects for reaching its Europe 2020 targets (Table 9.7). This name covers 34 commitments and related deliverables designed to remove the obstacles to innovation – Chapter 9 241
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Towards 2030
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Published in 2015 by the United Nat
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT A closer look
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Foreword Irina Bokova, Director-Gen
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Table S3: R&D expenditure as a shar
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Table S3: R&D expenditure as a shar
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Table S4: Public expenditure on ter
Page 786 and 787:
Table S5: Tertiary graduates in 200
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Page 790 and 791:
Page 792 and 793:
Table S6: Total researchers and res
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Table S7: Researchers by field of s
Page 800 and 801:
Table S7: Researchers by field of s
Page 802 and 803:
Table S8: Scientific publications b
Page 804 and 805:
Table S9: Publications by major fie
Page 806 and 807:
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Page 810 and 811:
Table S10: Scientific publications
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Page 818:
UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Data obtained
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