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Table S3: R&D expenditure as a share of GDP and in purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars, 2009-2013 R&D expenditure as percentage of GDP R&D expenditure in current PPP$ (000s) R&D expenditure per capita (current PPP$) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2009 2013 2009 2013 Central Asia Kazakhstan 0.23 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 661 567 691 400 42.0 42.1 Kyrgyzstan 0.16 0.16 0.16 – – 23 648 25 179 -2 4.5 4.7 -2 Mongolia 0.30 q 0.28 q 0.27 q 0.28 q 0.25 q 48 720 q 68 029 q 18.2 q 24.0 q Tajikistan 0.09 h 0.09 h 0.12 h 0.11 h 0.12 h 12 546 h 24 269 h 1.7 h 3.0 h Turkmenistan – – – – – – – – – Uzbekistan – – – – – – – – – South Asia Afghanistan – – – – – – – – – Bangladesh – – – – – – – – – Bhutan – – – – – – – – – India 0.82 0.80 r 0.82 r – – 39 400 485 48 062 976 -2,r 33.1 39.4 -2,r Maldives – – – – – – – – – Nepal 0.26 q,u 0.30 q,u – – – 128 477 q,u 158 906 -3,q,u 4.8 q,u 5.9 -3,q,u Pakistan 0.45 h – 0.33 h – 0.29 h 3 118 457 h 2 443 292 h 18.3 h 13.4 h Sri Lanka 0.11 -1 0.16 – – – 153 681 -1 240 005 -3 7.5 -1 11.6 -3 South–East Asia Brunei Darussalam 0.04 -5,q – – – – 8 708 -5,q – 24.1 -5,q – Cambodia 0.05 -7,q,r – – – – 7 901 -7,q,r – 0.6 -7,q,r – China 1.70 1.76 1.84 1.98 2.08 184 170 641 336 577 729 136.3 242.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 0.77 0.75 0.72 0.73 – 2 369 983 2 663 088 -1 338.2 372.5 -1 China, Macao SAR 0.05 q 0.05 q 0.04 q 0.05 q 0.05 q 21 945 q 41 151 q 42.1 q 72.7 q Indonesia 0.08 q,r – – – 0.09 r 1 466 763 q,r 2 126 345 r 6.2 q,r 8.5 r Japan 3.36 3.25 3.38 3.34 3.47 136 953 957 160 246 832 1 075.4 1 260.4 Korea, DPR – – – – – – – – – Korea, Rep. of 3.29 3.47 3.74 4.03 4.15 45 987 242 68 937 037 954.8 1 399.4 Lao PDR 0.04 -7,q – – – – 4 289 -7,q – 0.8 -7,q – Malaysia 1.01 1.07 1.06 1.13 – 5 248 826 7 351 372 -1 188.9 251.4 -1 Myanmar 0.16 -7,q – – – – – – – – Philippines 0.11 -2 – – – – 477 841 -2 – 5.4 -2 – Singapore 2.16 2.01 2.16 2.02 – 6 612 088 8 152 867 -1 1 331.9 1 537.3 -1 Thailand 0.25 – 0.39 – – 1 915 168 3 303 858 -2 28.9 49.6 -2 Timor–Leste – – – – – – – – – Viet Nam 0.18 -7 – 0.19 – – 340 429 -7 789 059 -2 4.1 -7 8.8 -2 Oceania Australia 2.40 -1 2.39 r 2.25 r – – 19 132 997 -1 20 955 599 -2,r 883.9 -1 921.5 -2,r New Zealand 1.28 – 1.27 – – 1 655 439 1 766 588 -2 382.9 400.2 -2 Cook Islands – – – – – – – – – Fiji – – – – – – – – – Kiribati – – – – – – – – – Marshall Islands – – – – – – – – – Micronesia – – – – – – – – – Nauru – – – – – – – – – Niue – – – – – – – – – Palau – – – – – – – – – Papua New Guinea – – – – – – – – – Samoa – – – – – – – – – Solomon Islands – – – – – – – – – Tonga – – – – – – – – – Tuvalu – – – – – – – – – Vanuatu – – – – – – – – – Note: <strong>UNESCO</strong> Institute for Statistics (UIS), August, 2015 Sources for background data: GDP and PPP conversion factor (local currency per international $): World Bank; World Development Indicators, as of April 2015. Population: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2013; World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision N.B.: See Key To All Tables at the end of Table S10. 758
Table S4: Public expenditure on tertiary education, 2008 and 2013 Public expenditure on tertiary education as % of GDP Public expenditure per tertiary student as % of GDP per capita Public expenditure on tertiary education as % of total public expenditure on education 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 North America Canada 1.61 1.88 -2 – – 34.44 35.60 -2 United States of America 1.24 1.36 -2 20.43 20.08 -2 23.33 26.11 -2 Latin America Argentina 0.77 1.02 -1 13.29 15.44 -1 17.66 19.94 -1 Belize 0.52 0.59 -1 25.90 22.66 -1 9.19 – Bolivia 2.05 1.61 -1 – – 29.09 25.00 -1 Brazil 0.86 1.04 -1 27.67 28.49 -1 15.91 16.37 -1 Chile 0.55 0.96 -1 11.51 15.01 -1 14.51 21.12 -1 Colombia 0.86 0.87 26.17 20.01 22.05 17.73 Costa Rica – 1.43 – 33.83 – 20.75 Ecuador 1.08 +2 1.11 -1 – – 26.58 +2 26.66 -1 El Salvador 0.42 +1 0.29 -2 17.85 +1 11.18 -2 10.46 +1 8.39 -2 Guatemala 0.34 0.35 – 18.43 10.80 12.30 Guyana 0.25 +1 0.16 -1 27.06 +1 14.52 -1 7.34 +1 5.06 -1 Honduras 0.89 +2 1.08 39.92 +2 47.74 – 18.49 Mexico 0.92 0.93 -2 40.16 37.34 -2 18.86 18.13 -2 Nicaragua 1.14 +2 1.14 -3 – – 26.05 +2 26.05 -3 Panama – 0.74 -1 – 20.13 -1 – – Paraguay 0.70 +2 1.11 -1 20.03 +2 – 18.54 +2 22.40 -1 Peru 0.45 0.55 – – 15.71 16.82 Suriname – – – – – – Uruguay – 1.19 -2 – – – 26.83 -2 Venezuela 1.55 +1 – 20.92 +1 – 22.60 +1 – Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda 0.19 +1 – 15.63 +1 – 7.35 +1 – Bahamas – – – – – – Barbados 1.53 2.08 – – 30.09 – Cuba 5.34 4.47 -3 61.10 62.99 -3 37.98 34.83 -3 Dominica – – – – – – Dominican Rep. – – -1 – – -1 – – -1 Grenada – – – – – – Haiti – – – – – – Jamaica 0.97 1.10 42.38 40.09 15.71 17.61 St Kitts and Nevis – – – – – – St Lucia 0.24 +1 0.21 -2 14.66 +1 14.54 -2 6.30 +1 5.01 -2 St Vincent and the Grenadines 0.31 +1 0.36 -3 – – 5.42 +1 7.01 -3 Trinidad and Tobago – – – – – – European Union Austria 1.44 1.51 -2 42.09 35.00 -2 27.19 26.86 -2 Belgium 1.34 1.43 -1 35.66 33.33 -1 21.32 22.00 -2 Bulgaria 0.84 0.62 -2 23.70 16.04 -2 19.40 16.98 -2 Croatia 0.94 0.92 -2 28.99 25.61 -2 21.96 22.16 -2 Cyprus 1.85 1.48 -2 57.03 39.23 -2 24.99 20.45 -2 Czech Rep. 0.89 1.11 -2 23.54 26.00 -2 23.71 25.79 -2 Denmark 2.12 2.39 -2 50.50 51.31 -2 28.30 27.90 -2 Estonia 1.10 1.28 -2 21.51 24.56 -2 19.87 25.09 -2 Finland 1.81 2.06 -1 31.11 36.14 -1 31.00 28.56 -1 France 1.21 1.23 -1 35.94 35.28 -1 22.20 22.34 -1 Germany 1.18 1.35 -2 – – 26.65 28.13 -2 Greece – – – – – – Hungary 1.01 0.80 -1 24.39 20.93 -1 20.01 23.39 -2 Ireland 1.27 1.27 -2 32.00 29.64 -2 23.26 21.73 -2 Italy 0.81 0.80 -2 23.56 24.19 -2 18.33 19.36 -2 Latvia 0.99 0.95 -1 16.88 19.93 -1 17.33 20.72 -1 Lithuania 1.03 1.47 -2 16.15 23.82 -2 21.20 28.45 -2 Luxembourg – – – – – – Malta 1.03 1.50 -1 44.71 51.52 -1 17.69 22.17 -1 Netherlands 1.42 1.59 -1 38.82 33.51 -1 27.77 28.79 -1 Poland 1.04 1.11 -2 18.35 20.55 -2 20.54 22.82 -2 Portugal 0.91 1.01 -2 25.47 26.88 -2 19.34 19.70 -2 Romania 1.20 +1 0.78 -1 22.24 +1 – 28.28 +1 26.16 -1 Slovakia 0.76 0.94 -1 17.89 23.08 -1 21.53 23.98 -1 Slovenia 1.19 1.35 -2 20.83 25.83 -2 23.30 24.20 -2 Spain 1.04 0.97 -1 26.80 23.18 -1 23.08 22.31 -1 Sweden 1.73 1.89 -2 39.11 38.47 -2 27.01 29.08 -2 United Kingdom 0.80 1.27 -2 21.18 32.01 -2 15.71 22.10 -2 South–East Europe Albania – – – – – – Bosnia and Herzegovina – – – – – – Macedonia, FYR – – – – – – Montenegro – – – – – – Serbia 1.29 1.29 -1 39.75 40.06 -1 27.30 29.12 -1 Other Europe and West Asia Armenia 0.36 0.20 7.54 5.07 11.29 8.72 Azerbaijan 0.28 0.36 -2 13.45 18.05 -2 11.34 14.63 -2 Belarus 0.91 +1 0.93 15.56 +1 15.62 20.07 +1 17.58 Georgia 0.34 0.38 -1 11.40 17.18 -1 11.58 19.17 -1 759
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Towards 2030
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Published in 2015 by the United Nat
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Report team Director of the Publica
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT A closer look
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Foreword Irina Bokova, Director-Gen
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