UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT
R&D expenditure by source of funds (%)
2009 2013
Business enterprise
Government
Higher education
Private non–profit
Abroad
Not elsewhere
classified
Business enterprise
Government
Other Europe and West Asia
– 55.57 q 0.00 – 3.91 q 40.51 q – 66.31 q – – 2.79 q 30.90 q Armenia
24.76 74.35 0.00 g 0.82 0.07 – 30.49 s 68.20 s 0.82 s 0.33 0.16 – Azerbaijan
28.82 62.56 0.00 0.13 8.49 – 43.79 48.26 – – 7.95 – Belarus
– – – – – – – – – – – – Georgia
30.92 -1 61.64 -1 7.45 -1 – -1 – -1 – -1 – – – – – – Iran, Islamic Rep. of
37.53 p 12.84 p 1.29 p 1.65 p 46.70 p – 35.60 -1,p 12.13 -1,p 1.75 -1,p 1.74 -1,p 48.77 -1,p – -1 Israel
– g – g – g – g 6.49 93.51 – g – g – g – g 11.80 88.20 Moldova, Rep. of
26.59 66.46 0.39 0.10 6.46 – 28.16 67.64 1.04 0.12 3.03 – Russian Federation
40.97 33.96 20.29 3.66 1.13 – 48.87 26.55 20.44 3.30 0.83 – Turkey
25.90 49.77 0.31 0.08 22.29 1.65 28.99 47.73 0.18 0.14 21.61 1.34 Ukraine
European Free Trade Assoc.
47.81 40.24 0.00 0.58 11.38 – 49.85 -2,s 39.99 -2,s 1.36 -2,s 0.58 -2,s 8.22 -2,s – -2 Iceland
– – – – – – – – – – – – Liechtenstein
43.61 46.77 0.43 0.99 8.20 – 43.15 45.79 0.53 1.02 9.51 – Norway
68.19 -1 22.84 -1 2.33 -1 0.69 -1 5.95 -1 – -1 60.78 -1 25.42 -1 1.16 -1 0.57 -1 12.07 -1 – -1 Switzerland
Sub–Saharan Africa
– – – – – – – – – – – – Angola
– – – – – – – – – – – – Benin
– – – – – – 5.81 -1 73.88 -1 12.56 -1 0.74 -1 6.81 -1 0.20 -1 Botswana
11.93 9.05 12.22 1.27 59.61 5.92 – – – – – – Burkina Faso
– -1 59.87 -1,q 0.21 -1,q – -1 39.92 -1,q – -1 – – – – – – Burundi
– – – – – – – -2 100.00 -2,l,q – -2 – -2 – -2 – -2 Cabo Verde
– – – – – – – – – – – – Cameroon
– – – – – – – – – – – – Central African Rep.
– – – – – – – – – – – – Chad
– – – – – – – – – – – – Comoros
– – – – – – – – – – – – Congo
– 100.00 – – – – – – – – – – Congo, Dem. Rep. of
– – – – – – – – – – – – Côte d'Ivoire
– – – – – – – – – – – – Djibouti
– – – – – – – – – – – – Equatorial Guinea
– – – – – – – – – – – – Eritrea
– -2 71.74 -2 0.00 -2,g 0.73 -2 27.00 -2 0.53 -2 0.75 79.07 1.80 0.23 2.15 16.01 Ethiopia
29.26 58.09 9.55 – 3.09 0.01 – – – – – – Gabon
– – – – – – – -2 38.54 -2,b – -2 45.56 -2,b 15.90 -2,b – -2 Gambia
50.86 -2 36.55 -2 0.65 -2 – -2 11.95 -2 – -2 0.10 -3,s 68.30 -3,s 0.27 -3 0.11 -3 31.22 -3 – -3 Ghana
– – – – – – – – – – – – Guinea
– – – – – – – – – – – – Guinea–Bissau
16.83 -2 26.15 -2 26.16 -2 13.24 -2 17.62 -2 – -2 4.34 -3,s 25.96 -3,s 19.03 -3,s 3.53 -3,s 47.14 -3,s – -3 Kenya
3.38 q 14.96 q 2.80 q – – 78.86 q – -2 – -2 44.66 -2,c,q – -2 3.45 -2,q 51.89 -2,q Lesotho
– – – – – – – – – – – – Liberia
– 89.42 e – n – 10.58 – – -2 100.00 -2,e,s – -2,n – -2 – -2 – -2 Madagascar
– – – – – – – – – – – – Malawi
10.10 -2,q 40.86 -2,q – -2 – -2 49.04 -2,q – -2 – -3 91.19 -3,s – -3 – -3 8.81 -3 – -3 Mali
– -4 100.00 -4,b,u – -4 – -4 – -4 – -4 0.27 -1,h 72.43 -1,h 20.73 -1,h 0.11 -1,h 6.43 -1,h – -1 Mauritius
– -1 31.13 -1 – -1 4.55 -1 64.32 -1 – -1 – -3 18.84 -3,e – -3,n 3.02 -3 78.14 -3 – -3 Mozambique
– – – – – – 19.83 -3 78.64 -3 – -3 – -3 1.53 -3 – -3 Namibia
– – – – – – – – – – – – Niger
0.16 -2 96.36 -2 0.08 -2 1.73 -2 1.04 -2 0.64 -2 – – – – – – Nigeria
– – – – – – – – – – – – Rwanda
– – – – – – – – – – – – Sao Tome and Principe
4.04 -1 57.06 -1 0.30 -1 0.27 -1 38.27 -1 0.05 -1 4.10 -3 47.62 -3 0.03 -3 3.23 -3 40.53 -3 4.49 -3 Senegal
– – – – – – – – – – – – Seychelles
– – – – – – – – – – – – Sierra Leone
– – – – – – – – – – – – Somalia
42.51 44.44 0.05 0.88 12.11 – 38.34 -1 45.38 -1 0.77 -1 2.46 -1 13.06 -1 – -1 South Africa
– – – – – – – – – – – – South Sudan
– – – – – – – – – – – – Swaziland
– -2 60.58 -2 0.00 -2 1.06 -2 38.36 -2 – -2 0.08 -3 57.53 -3 0.33 -3 0.05 -3 42.00 -3 – -3 Tanzania
– – – – – – – -1 84.87 -1 – -1 3.08 -1 12.06 -1 – -1 Togo
8.23 48.07 17.56 0.08 26.06 – 13.67 -3 21.94 -3 1.04 -3 6.05 -3 57.30 -3 – -3 Uganda
3.23 -1 94.83 -1 – -1 0.32 -1 1.62 -1 – -1 – – – – – – Zambia
– – – – – – – – – – – – Zimbabwe
Arab states
– – – – – – – – – – – – Algeria
– – – – – – 0.00 l,q 68.40 l,q 0.00 l,q 1.16 l,q 30.44 l,q – l,q Bahrain
– – – – – – – – – – – – Egypt
– 100.00 e – n – – – 0.00 -2 100.00 -2,e – -2,n 0.00 -2 0.00 -2 – -2 Iraq
– – – – – – – – – – – – Jordan
2.33 k 96.49 k – – 1.18 k – 1.41 h 92.95 h 0.17 h 5.47 h 0.00 h – h Kuwait
– – – – – – – – – – – – Lebanon
Higher education
Private non–profit
Abroad
Not elsewhere
classified
753