UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

Table S9: Publications by major field of science, 2008 and 2014
Total
Publications by field of science
Agricultural
sciences Astronomy Biological sciences Chemistry Computer sciences Engineering
2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014
Georgia 338 527 0 6 15 27 32 38 30 19 3 1 12 20
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 11 244 25 588 544 839 23 106 1 154 2 142 1 965 3 603 266 855 1 740 5 474
Israel 10 576 11 196 165 154 152 240 2 162 1 974 751 765 442 413 639 646
Moldova, Rep. of 228 248 3 5 0 0 8 15 89 55 0 4 15 18
Russian Federation 27 418 29 099 190 186 636 747 2 341 2 440 5 671 5 159 143 154 2 171 2 755
Turkey 18 493 23 596 837 718 42 104 1 805 2 035 1 359 1 704 299 501 2 301 2 835
Ukraine 5 020 4 895 11 32 145 158 190 233 823 781 9 12 707 490
European Free Trade Assoc.
Iceland 575 864 14 20 0 16 114 139 18 23 14 20 19 51
Liechtenstein 46 52 0 0 0 0 2 3 8 10 0 0 12 7
Norway 7 543 10 070 184 210 32 80 1 451 1 676 374 407 127 178 501 757
Switzerland 19 131 25 308 325 299 285 493 4 190 4 884 1 676 1 951 350 508 1 326 1 658
Sub–Saharan Africa
Angola 15 45 0 0 0 0 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 3
Benin 166 270 19 36 0 0 65 71 0 0 0 0 0 1
Botswana 162 210 12 4 0 0 37 55 16 8 2 0 7 4
Burkina Faso 193 272 14 15 0 0 57 64 3 2 0 0 4 12
Burundi 8 18 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
Cabo Verde 3 25 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 1
Cameroon 482 706 47 31 0 2 132 180 30 20 4 3 20 37
Central African Rep. 17 32 0 0 0 0 9 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chad 14 26 0 0 0 1 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Comoros 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Congo 69 111 4 3 0 0 27 31 2 2 0 0 0 1
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 38 114 0 2 0 0 15 29 0 2 0 0 0 2
Côte d'Ivoire 183 208 6 10 0 1 55 60 12 9 0 0 1 3
Djibouti 2 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
Equatorial Guinea 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eritrea 15 22 2 2 0 0 3 5 0 2 0 0 0 1
Ethiopia 402 865 56 63 0 3 77 147 3 20 1 0 4 19
Gabon 82 137 0 2 0 0 45 49 0 0 0 0 1 3
Gambia 95 124 1 0 0 0 42 46 0 0 0 0 1 0
Ghana 293 579 31 45 0 0 92 91 6 15 0 3 7 20
Guinea 16 49 0 2 0 0 5 12 1 0 0 0 0 2
Guinea–Bissau 20 37 0 0 0 0 9 14 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kenya 855 1 374 91 85 0 0 351 403 6 9 0 4 8 22
Lesotho 12 16 1 3 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 3
Liberia 6 11 1 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 1 1
Madagascar 152 188 6 9 0 0 69 56 3 3 0 0 2 3
Malawi 218 322 8 9 0 0 54 91 0 0 0 0 0 3
Mali 93 141 6 15 0 0 37 36 1 2 0 0 0 4
Mauritius 44 89 0 4 0 0 9 30 4 7 0 2 5 2
Mozambique 84 158 3 4 0 0 20 29 1 3 0 0 0 1
Namibia 64 139 0 0 12 10 21 35 0 3 0 0 1 5
Niger 81 108 9 16 0 0 17 22 1 4 0 1 1 0
Nigeria 1 977 1 961 265 144 9 41 271 305 45 102 2 6 87 146
Rwanda 34 143 1 7 0 0 10 30 0 1 0 1 0 2
Sao Tome and Principe 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Senegal 228 338 14 18 0 0 59 76 11 11 1 3 7 5
Seychelles 21 34 0 1 0 0 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sierra Leone 12 45 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somalia 1 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Africa 5 611 9 309 187 302 110 328 1 745 2 187 394 748 48 47 362 641
South Sudan 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swaziland 21 25 3 1 0 0 6 10 2 2 0 0 0 0
Tanzania 426 770 26 28 0 1 131 172 0 12 0 0 11 22
Togo 44 61 4 5 0 0 10 19 1 2 0 0 4 4
Uganda 403 757 16 21 0 1 148 216 2 3 0 3 4 11
Zambia 134 245 4 10 0 0 46 72 0 1 0 0 1 3
Zimbabwe 217 310 27 35 0 0 64 98 0 2 0 1 3 2
Arab States
Algeria 1 339 2 302 23 50 4 28 104 168 189 250 42 85 332 596
Bahrain 114 155 2 0 0 1 16 16 3 5 2 6 16 28
Egypt 4 147 8 428 121 254 12 49 579 1 351 874 1 246 75 120 545 1 107
Iraq 195 841 8 19 0 4 12 57 22 85 0 22 19 171
Jordan 989 1 093 66 53 2 5 101 117 116 82 36 50 165 129
Kuwait 659 604 7 6 1 2 84 77 54 40 19 35 110 99
Lebanon 621 1 009 9 24 2 3 94 136 37 63 20 35 62 118
Libya 126 181 0 5 0 0 15 21 19 20 1 2 22 28
Mauritania 14 23 0 0 0 0 3 4 6 0 0 0 0 1
Morocco 1 214 1 574 37 55 6 3 123 147 158 158 16 28 114 166
Oman 327 591 10 15 2 5 38 84 23 59 9 6 53 99
Palestine 65 14 1 0 0 0 9 0 13 1 2 0 6 5
Qatar 217 1 242 0 6 1 14 34 185 11 91 4 54 32 227
Saudi Arabia 1 910 10 898 25 152 2 79 208 1 364 176 1 573 39 356 235 1 469
Sudan 150 309 20 18 1 1 40 55 4 28 2 3 6 13
Syrian Arab Rep. 218 229 39 18 0 0 52 36 12 15 0 0 20 18
782