UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

Figure 13.1: Trends in GERD
1.29% 1.12%
in the Russian Federation,
2003–2013 Russian GERD/GDP ratio in 2003 Russian GERD/GDP ratio in 2013
The Russian Federation’s R&D intensity has not progressed over the past decade
Other countries are given for comparison
3.0
USA 2.81
Germany
2.94
2.5
2.55
2.46
China 2.02
2.0
1.5
1.70
1.67
EU Average
1.92
UK 1.63
1.29
1.13
Brazil 1.21
Russian Fed. 1.12
1.0
0.5
0.96
0.79
0.71
0.48
India 0.81
South
Africa 0.76
Turkey 0.95
0.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Federal budget allocations for civil-purpose R&D tripled between 2003 and 2013
150
120
128.8 126.8
140.1
132.2
133.0
141.8
143.5
90
110.9
106.4
105.0
114.1
60
GERD in billions of rubles at constant 2000 prices
Federal budget appropriations for civil-purpose R&D in billions of rubles at constant 2000 prices
63.2
60.0
68.4
72.1
81.4
46.1
47.7
30
27.2
25.8
35.0
38.5
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
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