Architectural_Design_with_SketchUp

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Architectural Design with SketchUp reflect in the material, it is usually okay to ignore reflectivity for that material. But this very much depends on your scene, and you need to evaluate this need on a case-by-case basis. Figure 5.69: Comparison of flat and reflective floor materials TIP You can sometimes cut down on rendering time if you don’t assign reflective properties to a material but rather use a subtle gradient for that material (which simulates a soft reflection). You must make sure it works with lighting and the general environment, however. If your rendering software allows you to do this, consider adding a specular map to the material. This is similar to the bump map (discussed later) and is a grayscale image. When added to a shiny material, the grayscale values in the image determine the shininess distribution of your material (the darker it is, the shinier it will be). Refraction When you have transparent materials in your scene (such as glass, water, or gems), it can be important that these materials have realistic refraction properties. As mentioned, refraction refers to how light direction changes when it travels through a material. In reality, you likely have observed this—imagine holding a straight stick into a swimming pool, and notice how the lower part of the stick looks as though it is bent (see rendering in Figure 5.70). You can also see this behavior when you look at a thick glass or a prism from an angle. Especially when your glass object has an observable thickness, it is important to include realistic refraction properties. This is the case when you model a glass vase or water in a swimming pool. Having said this, it is often not important to add refraction to architectural uses of glass. Windows can usually be modeled only with a transparent texture—as long as their reflection properties are accurate. Refractive glass would actually increase rendering time too much without adding much visual benefit. Table 5.1 shows some refractive indices for various media. Use these as a guideline if your rendering software gives you the option to enter them for a material. 192
Chapter 5 Rendering in SketchUp Figure 5.70: Refraction in water Table 5.1: Refractive Indices Material Index of Refraction Air 1.0 Water 1.33 Crown glass 1.52 Sapphire 1.77 Diamond 2.42 Figure 5.71 illustrates refraction in three prismatic transparent objects. Figure 5.71: Refraction in three transparent materials (from left: glass, diamond, and frosted glass) Bump A bump texture or bump map is a very useful tool in a rendering software package’s material editor; it can add significant realism at minimal cost to any material that has a surface roughness. 193
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Architectural Design with SketchUp
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Cover design: David Riedy Cover ill
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Contents Acknowledgments . . . . .
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Contents Transformations Change Thi
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Chapter 1 Introduction In my years
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Chapter 1 Introduction finally, plu
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Chapter 1 Introduction As you will
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Chapter 3 Using SketchUp to Inform
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Chapter 4 Using Plugins Effectively
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Chapter 6 Creating Geometry Using R
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Appendix A SketchUp Quick Reference
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Appendix B Ruby Class and Method Re
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Appendix C SketchUp API Class and M
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Appendix D Creating Your Own Plugin
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Appendix D Creating Your Own Plugin
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Appendix E Dynamic Component Functi
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Index Boolean operations, 44, 86 Bo
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Index Extrude: Edges by Edges, 96,
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Index J Jim’s SketchUp [Plugins]
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Index Modeling: accurate, 24 basic,
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Index Random_pushpull, 93 Randomizi
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Index STL, 103, 115 Street View, 73
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Index Workflow processes, 56 Wudwor
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