Ali Ibn Abi Talib - Volume 1 of 2

618 Governors at the time of 'Ali ibn Abi Tcilib
The Rightly Guided Caliphs' method of leading by example is
what gave a strong incentive to the doers of good to increase their
good deeds. It also released the positive energies that made them do
more good and feel respected and appreciated, delivered a rebuke to
the evildoers so that they would give up doing evil, widened the
circle of good and righteousness in society, and narrowed the circle
of evil to the smallest possible diameter, according to the laws of
reward and punishment. This is what was taught by Amir d-
Mu'mineen 'Ali (&).
2.3.11. The role of the deputies and leaders
in bringing stability to the provincial system
The Muslims acknowledged the leaders in the second oath of
allegiance at al-'Aqahah, when the Messenger (g) appointed twelve
leaders from among the Ans% over the people, three from the tribe of
al-Aws and nine from the tribe of al-~hazraj.~'~ The system of
leaders and deputies continued among the Muslim troops during
'Umar's time. In the battle of Qiidisiyyah, Sa'd ihn Ahi Waqqiis used
this concept to organise the my, which was made up of a number of
assembled tribes. He appointed commanders for the troops and
appointed a deputy for every ten men. This system of deputies was
also followed at the time of the Prophet (g), and that continued until
he began to allocate stipends and put in charge of the banners men
who had seniority. He also divided people into groups of ten, and
over each group, he appointed a man who was known for his service
to slam.^^^
'Umar (&) is regarded as the first one to organize people in
the regions into groups. Dnring this time, the role of the deputies in
the provinces became prominent, and they became responsible
before the governor for their tribes and the groups who joined them,
according to the way in which people were organized at that time.314