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The Economic Consequences of Homelessness in The US

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for work and when there are no accommodations for hous<strong>in</strong>g build their own shelters,<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten known as "hutments."<br />

Statistics <strong>of</strong> Homeless Population With<strong>in</strong> India<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to the 2011 Census, there were 1.77 million homeless people <strong>in</strong> India, or<br />

0.15% <strong>of</strong> the country's total population. In India, the cities with the greatest number <strong>of</strong><br />

homeless <strong>in</strong>dividuals and families are Greater Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai,<br />

and Bangalore.<br />

Japan<br />

<strong>The</strong> number <strong>of</strong> homeless<br />

<strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>in</strong> Japan as<br />

recorded <strong>in</strong> 2003, was<br />

around 25,296. Numbers <strong>of</strong><br />

those without homes have<br />

been<br />

"<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g<br />

dramatically" s<strong>in</strong>ce the<br />

"bubble economy" collapsed<br />

<strong>in</strong> the 1990s. In Tokyo,<br />

around 2007, many<br />

homeless <strong>in</strong>dividuals were<br />

cleared out <strong>of</strong> their<br />

temporary residences <strong>in</strong> city<br />

parks. In 2011,<br />

the earthquake and tsunami left many <strong>in</strong>dividuals homeless and liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> shelters.<br />

United K<strong>in</strong>gdom<br />

"Sleep<strong>in</strong>g rough" or "rough sleep<strong>in</strong>g" is term<strong>in</strong>ology <strong>in</strong> the United K<strong>in</strong>gdom for sleep<strong>in</strong>g<br />

without shelter. In addition, "not all homeless people are entitled to hous<strong>in</strong>g." Shelters<br />

like 'Jimmy's', <strong>in</strong> Cambridge, provide access to those who would otherwise be "sleep<strong>in</strong>g<br />

rough", <strong>of</strong>fer<strong>in</strong>g temporary accommodation and support services <strong>in</strong> the basement <strong>of</strong><br />

a Baptist Church <strong>in</strong> the city center.<br />

________<br />

<strong>The</strong> Hous<strong>in</strong>g First Model<br />

Hous<strong>in</strong>g First is a relatively recent <strong>in</strong>novation <strong>in</strong> human service programs and social<br />

policy regard<strong>in</strong>g treatment <strong>of</strong> the homeless and is an alternative to a system <strong>of</strong><br />

emergency shelter/transitional hous<strong>in</strong>g progressions. Rather than mov<strong>in</strong>g homeless<br />

<strong>in</strong>dividuals through different "levels" <strong>of</strong> hous<strong>in</strong>g, whereby each level moves them closer<br />

to "<strong>in</strong>dependent hous<strong>in</strong>g" (for example: from the streets to a public shelter, and from a<br />

Page 143 <strong>of</strong> 289

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