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The Economic Consequences of Homelessness in The US

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Littleones renovates discarded or empty homes and they rent the rooms to s<strong>in</strong>gle<br />

mothers with f<strong>in</strong>ancial and occupational support. Tsukuroi Tokyo fund advocates a<br />

hous<strong>in</strong>g first and they built a shelter specially for homeless people.<br />

United K<strong>in</strong>gdom<br />

<strong>The</strong> UK government announced plans for a Hous<strong>in</strong>g First pilot program <strong>in</strong> the West<br />

Midlands, Liverpool, and Manchester, along with fund<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> £28m. This followed<br />

publication <strong>of</strong> a report entitled Hous<strong>in</strong>g First by the Centre for Social Justice which cited<br />

the results from the F<strong>in</strong>nish application <strong>of</strong> Hous<strong>in</strong>g First.<br />

One-Size-Fits-All<br />

Criticism <strong>of</strong> Hous<strong>in</strong>g First<br />

Ralph DaCosta Nunez, the President and CEO <strong>of</strong> the Institute for Children, Poverty and<br />

<strong>Homelessness</strong> (ICPH), who is also a Pr<strong>of</strong>essor at Columbia University, predicted this<br />

one-size-fits-all is dest<strong>in</strong>ed to fail as statistics <strong>in</strong> New York City prove. Dr. Nunez<br />

described the approach as "'public stupidity'" rather than "'public policy'". He also<br />

compla<strong>in</strong>ed that Hous<strong>in</strong>g First "is all that’s left after the other poverty fight<strong>in</strong>g programs<br />

have been underfunded or elim<strong>in</strong>ated." Nunez advocates for a three tiered approach to<br />

address<strong>in</strong>g homelessness with Hous<strong>in</strong>g First as only the first component <strong>of</strong> that<br />

approach.<br />

Follow<strong>in</strong>g Panelák: A Failed Communist Model<br />

Sharam Kohan, a social policy expert and economist, compared the Hous<strong>in</strong>g First<br />

model to Panelák <strong>of</strong> the former communist countries that tried to end homelessness by<br />

provid<strong>in</strong>g permanent and unconditional public hous<strong>in</strong>g. Dr. Kohan criticized Hous<strong>in</strong>g<br />

First model for follow<strong>in</strong>g Panelák's failed philosophy and approaches. Dr. Kohan po<strong>in</strong>ts<br />

to a grow<strong>in</strong>g number <strong>of</strong> reports from communities that have implemented Hous<strong>in</strong>g First<br />

programs which are "credited with creat<strong>in</strong>g slums and slumlord."<br />

Limits <strong>of</strong> Evidence Based Policy<br />

On July 31, 2011, Pr<strong>of</strong>. Victoria Stanhope, Ph.D., <strong>of</strong> New York University School <strong>of</strong><br />

Social Work and Pr<strong>of</strong>. Kerry Dunn, J.D., Ph.D., <strong>of</strong> University <strong>of</strong> New England School <strong>of</strong><br />

Social Work, published “<strong>The</strong> curious case <strong>of</strong> Hous<strong>in</strong>g First; <strong>The</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> evidence-based<br />

policy” <strong>in</strong> the International Journal <strong>of</strong> Law and Psychiatry. Drs. Stanhope and Dunn<br />

gave an overview <strong>of</strong> evidence-based policy and presented “critiques based on its<br />

reliance on positivist methods and technical approach to policy mak<strong>in</strong>g. Us<strong>in</strong>g these<br />

critiques as a framework, the paper discusse[d] the case <strong>of</strong> Hous<strong>in</strong>g First, a policy<br />

adopted by the Bush Adm<strong>in</strong>istration <strong>in</strong> order to address the problem <strong>of</strong> chronic<br />

homelessness.” Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Drs. Stanhope and Dunn, the Hous<strong>in</strong>g First “is an<br />

example <strong>of</strong> research-driven policy mak<strong>in</strong>g but also resulted <strong>in</strong> a progressive policy be<strong>in</strong>g<br />

promoted by a conservative adm<strong>in</strong>istration. In discuss<strong>in</strong>g the case, the paper elaborates<br />

Page 154 <strong>of</strong> 289

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