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The Economic Consequences of Homelessness in The US

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(aka "Fully Indexed Rate") between 9.95% and 12% (maximum assessed <strong>in</strong>terest rate).<br />

Some <strong>of</strong> these loans can have much higher rate ceil<strong>in</strong>gs. <strong>The</strong> fully <strong>in</strong>dexed rate is<br />

always listed on the statement, but borrowers are shielded from the full effect <strong>of</strong> rate<br />

<strong>in</strong>creases by the m<strong>in</strong>imum payment, until the loan is recast, which is when pr<strong>in</strong>cipal and<br />

<strong>in</strong>terest payments are due that will fully amortize the loan at the fully <strong>in</strong>dexed rate.<br />

<br />

Home equity l<strong>in</strong>es <strong>of</strong> credit (HELOCs)<br />

S<strong>in</strong>ce HELOCs are <strong>in</strong>tended by banks to primarily sit <strong>in</strong> second lien position, they<br />

normally are only capped by the maximum <strong>in</strong>terest rate allowed by law <strong>in</strong> the state<br />

where<strong>in</strong> they are issued. For example, Florida currently has an 18% cap on <strong>in</strong>terest rate<br />

charges. <strong>The</strong>y are risky to the borrower <strong>in</strong> the sense that they are mostly <strong>in</strong>dexed to the<br />

Wall Street Journal prime rate, which is considered a Spot Index, or a f<strong>in</strong>ancial <strong>in</strong>dicator<br />

that is subject to immediate change (as are the loans based upon the Prime Rate). <strong>The</strong><br />

risk to borrower be<strong>in</strong>g that a f<strong>in</strong>ancial situation caus<strong>in</strong>g the Federal Reserve to raise<br />

rates dramatically (see 1980, 2006) would effect an immediate rise <strong>in</strong> obligation to the<br />

borrower, up to the capped rate.<br />

Popularity<br />

Variable rate mortgages are the most common form <strong>of</strong> loan for house purchase <strong>in</strong> the<br />

United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, Ireland and Canada but are unpopular <strong>in</strong> some other countries such as<br />

Germany. Variable rate mortgages are very common <strong>in</strong> Australia and New Zealand. In<br />

some countries, true fixed-rate mortgages are not available except for shorter-term<br />

loans; <strong>in</strong> Canada, the longest term for which a mortgage rate can be fixed is typically no<br />

more than ten years, while mortgage maturities are commonly 25 years.<br />

In many countries, it is not feasible for banks to lend at fixed rates for very long terms; <strong>in</strong><br />

these cases, the only feasible type <strong>of</strong> mortgage for banks to <strong>of</strong>fer may be adjustable<br />

rate mortgages (barr<strong>in</strong>g some form <strong>of</strong> government <strong>in</strong>tervention). For example, the<br />

mortgage <strong>in</strong>dustry <strong>of</strong> the United K<strong>in</strong>gdom has traditionally been dom<strong>in</strong>ated by build<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Page 227 <strong>of</strong> 289

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