The Economic Consequences of Homelessness in The US

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OPPAGA Report Report No. 05-01 These barriers are consistent with those noted in a 2002 report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). The GAO report noted that homelessness complicates the ability of people to access program services because paperwork requirements and the need to regularly communicate with agencies and service providers tend to be more difficult for individuals lacking a permanent address or phone number. 7 How can local entities better coordinate services for the homeless? Homeless coalitions depend on numerous local agencies to provide various services to homeless persons. Local service providers include shelters, food and clothing banks, and mental health and substance abuse treatment centers. Ideally, homeless individuals can access these services through a coordinated system of local service providers. Most local service providers are trying to coordinate their activities. Our review of local continuum of care plans submitted to HUD in 2003 determined that most providers attended meetings held to coordinate delivery of homeless services. Over half of the local homeless coalition directors who responded to an OPPAGA survey reported that service providers participated in their local continuum of care. However, efforts to further improve coordination are hindered by two factors: • some homeless service providers are not participating in their local continuums of care; and • most homeless coalitions have not yet fully implemented homeless management information systems. Some homeless service providers do not participate in their local continuums of care. Six coalition directors responding to our survey reported that some providers of homeless services in their community were not participating in the local continuum of care, including some public housing authorities, public defenders, and state attorneys. They believed that these entities may not be participating because they do not have the 7 Homelessness: Improving Program Coordination and Client Access to Programs, Government Accountability Office, GAO-02-485T, March 6, 2002. 6 time or the personnel to devote to the continuum’s activities or were not interested in being involved. Coalition directors noted that the limited involvement of these and other stakeholders makes it difficult to coordinate services, reduces their ability to acquire federal funding, and impedes efforts to share information about homeless individuals . Most homeless coalitions have not yet fully implemented homeless management information systems. HUD requires communities that receive federal dedicated homeless funding to track information about their clients with a computerized information system. These information systems are expected to allow local providers to systematically share information, integrate services, and maximize the use of resources. Sharing client information also should reduce duplication in provider intake activities, facilitate referrals among providers, and improve the coordination of services. Most homeless coalition directors responding to our survey reported their coalitions have not fully implemented homeless management information systems. For example, two coalition directors said their systems had not yet been developed. Other coalition directors told us that only a few of their local service providers were entering information into their systems. Although the U.S. Congress initially intended homeless management information systems to be fully implemented by 2004, this goal has not been met. According to Office on Homelessness managers, HUD’s 2005 Notice of Funding Availability will encourage local continuums of care to speed up implementing their information systems. They said that participation in a system will be a factor in determining the amount of funding local continuums of care receive from HUD. HUD is also providing technical assistance to continuum of care agencies to assist them in implementing their homeless management information systems. A problem that could limit the usefulness of the information systems is that some local providers do not wish to use the systems due to concerns with the confidentiality of client data. For example, one provider director told us he did not want to participate in the information system because he was concerned that law enforcement agencies would access the system and use it to
Report No. 05-01 OPPAGA Report locate and arrest homeless persons. Until such issues are resolved, it is likely that some local providers will not enter client data into local homeless information systems. Conclusions and Recommendations _______ The economic impact of homelessness in Florida is significant. We identified $168 million in state, federal, and local funding for programs and services to assist the homeless, such as housing, food preparation and distribution, transportation and mental health counseling. However, this figure excludes additional expenses incurred by various local entities, such as the police, the courts, emergency service providers, and hospital emergency rooms, in dealing with homeless persons. These expenses cannot be precisely determined because they are not routinely tracked by homeless coalitions, service providers, and government agencies. Florida is doing well on a statewide basis in obtaining dedicated federal funding for the homeless; however, some local homeless continuums of care have not been successful in accessing dedicated and mainstream federal funding for the homeless. State agencies assist local homeless efforts by providing technical assistance, direct services, and funding. However, some state agency practices such as discharge planning could be improved, and some administrative requirements of programs such as Medicaid, food stamps, and TANF pose barriers to homeless persons seeking benefits. Coordination among local homeless service providers is occurring, but could be improved by getting more entities to participate in local continuums of care and by local coalitions fully implementing their computerized information systems. To improve the provision of services to homeless in Florida, we recommend that the State Office on Homelessness take the actions described below. • Expand their assistance to local continuums of care experiencing difficulty receiving the prorata amount of dedicated federal funding for the homeless. The office should help these continuums develop plans and proposals that meet federal grant award criteria and priorities; • Develop and disseminate guidelines for accessing and qualifying for mainstream program benefits. In addition, the Council on Homelessness also should continue its efforts to establish working agreements with mainstream program agencies to reduce barriers to access by homeless individuals. • Revise the terms of its grants to require subgrantees (local service providers) to participate in a homeless management information system. Such information systems are expected to benefit local providers by allowing them to systematically share information, integrate services, and maximize the use of resources. In addition, we recommend that the Council on Homelessness work with state agencies to develop discharge plans to help prevent individuals transitioning out of institutions and other forms of state care from becoming homeless. Agency Response ________ In accordance with the provisions of s. 11.51(6), Florida Statutes, a draft of our report was submitted to the Secretary of the Department of Children and Families for review and response. The Secretary’s written response is reproduced in its entirety on page 16 (Appendix D). OPPAGA supports the Florida Legislature by providing evaluative research and objective analyses to promote government accountability and the efficient and effective use of public resources. This project was conducted in accordance with applicable evaluation standards. Copies of this report in print or alternate accessible format may be obtained by telephone (850/488-0021 or 800/531-2477), by FAX (850/487-3804), in person, or by mail (OPPAGA Report Production, Claude Pepper Building, Room 312, 111 W. Madison St., Tallahassee, FL 32399-1475). Cover photo by Mark Foley. Florida Monitor: www.oppaga.state.fl.us Project supervised by Larry Novey (850/487-3768) Project conducted by Michelle Harrison (850/487-9220) and Shunti H. Taylor Gary R. VanLandingham, OPPAGA Interim Director 7
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The e-Advocate Monthly …a Compila
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The Social Cost of Homelessness Ave
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The Advocacy Foundation, Inc. Helpi
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Dedication ______ Every publication
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The Transformative Justice Project
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The Advocacy Foundation, Inc. Helpi
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Biblical Authority ______ Proverbs
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Table of Contents …a compilation
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I. Introduction 10 Facts About Home
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studies. Half of this population se
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May 620 417 712 348 903 August 951
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7. National opioid crisis. Foll
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4. A coordinated approach to crisis
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22 The 3 most commonly cited causes
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II. Unemployment Employment and Hom
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fact, in the median state a minimum
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increasing number of involuntary pa
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POLICY ISSUES Although funding for
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Youth Homelessness Matters Day is b
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Amid Booming Economy, Homelessness
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— Rising rents are the main culpr
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Now 54, she grades papers and prepa
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The question was, “What can we do
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With an eviction on her record and
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III. The Working Poor The working p
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liberals argue that working poverty
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Using the US Census Bureau's defini
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Although the service sector has the
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The working poor face many of the s
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month in major metro areas, and fal
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Some states distribute funds throug
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opportunity structure is improved,
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e falling toward economic catastrop
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side. Sure, these individuals strug
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But finding employment can also ris
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The specific income thresholds used
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higher paying jobs—such as manage
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common problem, with 68 percent sub
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maintaining the family, as well as
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IV. Mental Health Mental Health The
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Below are their edited responses to
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What about forced medication or oth
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There most definitely is a relation
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Mental Illness and Homelessness: Fa
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V. Affordable Housing Affordable Ho
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Improve access to federally funded
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numbers are then combined with a co
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experiencing homelessness were Hisp
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transportation, and have more limit
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difficulties in obtaining psychiatr
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A review of 31 studies focusing on
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Housing) Program, which combines HC
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mental illnesses. Across these stud
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developing affordable housing optio
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While the HCV program provides much
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eduction approaches to housing and
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Assessing the Role of Public Housin
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PHAs are serving formerly homeless
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VI. Public Assistance Pennsylvania
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Armstrong County Community Action A
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Clinton County Planning Commission,
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Lackawanna County Department of Hum
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Northumberland County Adult Service
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10 Public Avenue, P.O. Box 366 Mont
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While permanent housing, often coup
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VII. Homeless Shelters Homeless She
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Homeless women who are of childbear
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homes. In Hawaii, a Honolulu-based
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stores by homeless people begging f
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Hispanics: 13% Native Americans: 4
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Government Assistance Programs in t
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for work and when there are no acco
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In 1992 Dr. Sam Tsemberis, a facult
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cost of administering the housing,
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Homelessness to the Obama Administr
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Housing First has grown in populari
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Clients are given any needed help w
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on the relationship between evidenc
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VIII. The Criminalization of Homele
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Additionally, the criminalization o
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A lack of affordable housing is the
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Criminalization of Homelessness Inc
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to a baby boy and currently has a r
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In Dallas, police issued 11,000 “
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Begging in Public (Panhandling) Acc
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These charges often carry fines tha
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else to go, then enforcement of the
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IX. Traditional Solutions Housing A
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Housing First Housing First is a re
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contrast to models that require the
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In Utah, there has been "a 72 perce
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On June 11, 2014 the 100,000 Homes
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towards their rent: 85 percent of P
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are a couple of Housing First-like
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X. The Advocacy Foundation Balanced
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neighboring property who, by combin
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method can change depending upon th
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Reconcile the multiple value indica
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ecame clear in recent years that ap
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the data entry team works all day a
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calculations, tables (e.g., economi
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specializes in property valuation).
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advisory group consisting of leader
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of members had reached 6,723. A gen
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2. Next We Determine the Income of
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= -PMT(6.5 / 100 / 12, 30 * 12, 200
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which is the formula originally pro
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"float". As a result, payment amoun
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This monthly payment formula is eas
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funding will usually be related to
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frequency of the interest rate chan
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Like other ARMs, hybrid ARMs transf
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option to make a minimum payment is
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(aka "Fully Indexed Rate") between
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Sobol sequences. In these technique
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ank board rate, SIBOR, or SOR Typic
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The one-liner for a program would b
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if (guessed_pmt > actual_payment) {
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Credit ratings are determined by cr
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BB/Ba2 299 8.82% B/B2 404 31.24% CC
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Japan Credit Rating Agency (Japan),
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Being House Poor: a Personal Decisi
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hiring an attorney to encourage eve
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Calculating the Percentage of Each
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the USDA and the Federal Housing Fi
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The program will provide one-time b
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Our Program, however, is different.
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XI. References 1. https://www.huffi
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Notes _____________________________
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The U.S. Department of Housing and
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Contents Key Findings..............
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Definition of Terms Please note: Ke
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Progress on Preventing and Ending H
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About This Report The Department of
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1National Estimates Homelessness in
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1National Estimates Homelessness in
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1State Estimates Homelessness in th
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1State Estimates Homelessness in th
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1Estimates by CoC Homelessness in t
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1Estimates National by Estimates Co
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2National 1National Estimates Homel
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2State 1National Estimates Homeless
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2Estimates 1National Estimates by C
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2 Data 1National Estimates Estimate
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Page 322 and 323: 5Estimates 1National Estimates by C
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Page 342 and 343: Appendix ALABAMA -7.7% change from
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Page 346 and 347: Appendix IDAHO -9.3% change from 20
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Page 352 and 353: Appendix NEW JERSEY -4.0% change fr
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Page 358: Appendix WEST VIRGINIA -5.6% change
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Page 363 and 364: Ending Chronic Homelessness in 2017
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Page 367 and 368: January 2005 Report No. 05-01 Econo
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Page 402 and 403: Legal Missions International Page 2
Page 404 and 405: Vol. V 2019 XVII Russia Q-1 2019 XV
Page 406 and 407: The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
Page 408 and 409: Extras The Nonprofit Advisors Group
Page 410 and 411: About The Author John C (Jack) John
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The Economic Consequences of Homelessness in The US

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