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The Economic Consequences of Homelessness in The US

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which is the formula orig<strong>in</strong>ally provided. This derivation illustrates three key components<br />

<strong>of</strong> fixed-rate loans: (1) the fixed monthly payment depends upon the amount borrowed,<br />

the <strong>in</strong>terest rate, and the length <strong>of</strong> time over which the loan is repaid; (2) the amount<br />

owed every month equals the amount owed from the previous month plus <strong>in</strong>terest on<br />

that amount, m<strong>in</strong>us the fixed monthly payment; (3) the fixed monthly payment is chosen<br />

so that the loan is paid <strong>of</strong>f <strong>in</strong> full with <strong>in</strong>terest at the end <strong>of</strong> its term and no more money<br />

is owed.<br />

Adjustable Interest Rates<br />

While adjustable rate mortgages have been around for decades, from 2002 through<br />

2005 adjustable-rate mortgages became more complicated as did the calculations<br />

<strong>in</strong>volved. Lend<strong>in</strong>g became much more creative which complicated the calculations.<br />

Subprime lend<strong>in</strong>g and creative loans such as the “pick a payment”, “pay option”, and<br />

“hybrid” loans brought on new era <strong>of</strong> mortgage calculations. <strong>The</strong> more creative<br />

adjustable mortgages meant some changes <strong>in</strong> the calculations to specifically handle<br />

these complicated loans. To calculate the annual percentage rates (APR) many more<br />

variables needed to be added, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g: the start<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terest rate; the length <strong>of</strong> time at<br />

that rate; the recast; the payment change; the <strong>in</strong>dex; the marg<strong>in</strong>s; the periodic <strong>in</strong>terest<br />

change cap; the payment cap; lifetime cap; the negative amortization cap; and others.<br />

Many lenders created their own s<strong>of</strong>tware programs, and World Sav<strong>in</strong>gs even had<br />

contracted special calculators to be made by Calculated Industries specifically for their<br />

“pick a payment” program. However, by the late 2000s the Great Recession brought an<br />

end to many <strong>of</strong> the creative “pick-a-payment” type <strong>of</strong> loans which left many borrowers<br />

with higher loan balances over time, and ow<strong>in</strong>g more than their houses were worth. This<br />

also helped reduce the more complicated calculations that went along with these<br />

mortgages.<br />

Mortgage Analyzer<br />

As a recent trend s<strong>in</strong>ce 2007, <strong>in</strong> the wake <strong>of</strong> a f<strong>in</strong>ancial crisis that was founded on many<br />

<strong>in</strong>dividuals' bad mortgage decision <strong>in</strong> residential borrow<strong>in</strong>g, a new generation <strong>of</strong><br />

mortgage calculation tools has emerged. <strong>The</strong>y are better equipped to estimate the longterm<br />

cost and f<strong>in</strong>ancial risk <strong>of</strong> various types <strong>of</strong> mortgages. Rather than "mortgage<br />

calculator", the new tools have become popularly known as "mortgage analyzers". <strong>The</strong>ir<br />

ma<strong>in</strong> advantage is <strong>in</strong> the analysis <strong>of</strong> adjustable rate mortgages where the potential cost<br />

and amount ow<strong>in</strong>g on the mortgage are estimated under thousands, sometimes<br />

millions, <strong>of</strong> possible future mortgage rate scenarios, and then aggregate figures for<br />

average cost and risk based on all scenarios are estimated. Conventional mortgage<br />

calculators are capable <strong>of</strong> handl<strong>in</strong>g just a handful <strong>of</strong> scenarios.<br />

Total Interest Paid Formula<br />

<strong>The</strong> total amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest that will be paid over the lifetime <strong>of</strong> the loan is the<br />

difference <strong>of</strong> the total payment amount ( ) and the loan pr<strong>in</strong>cipal ( ):<br />

Page 213 <strong>of</strong> 289

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