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The Economic Consequences of Homelessness in The US

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mathematics for proper use. In contrast, mortgage calculators make answers to<br />

questions regard<strong>in</strong>g the impact <strong>of</strong> changes <strong>in</strong> mortgage variables available to everyone.<br />

Mortgage calculators can be used to answer such questions as:<br />

If one borrows $250,000 at a 7% annual <strong>in</strong>terest rate and pays the loan back over thirty<br />

years, with $3,000 annual property tax payment, $1,500 annual property <strong>in</strong>surance cost<br />

and 0.5% annual private mortgage <strong>in</strong>surance payment, what will the monthly payment<br />

be? <strong>The</strong> answer is $2,142.42.<br />

A potential borrower can use an onl<strong>in</strong>e mortgage calculator to see how much property<br />

he or she can afford. A lender will compare the person's total monthly <strong>in</strong>come and total<br />

monthly debt load. A mortgage calculator can help to add up all <strong>in</strong>come sources and<br />

compare this to all monthly debt payments. It can also factor <strong>in</strong> a potential mortgage<br />

payment and other associated hous<strong>in</strong>g costs (property taxes, homeownership dues,<br />

etc.). One can test different loan sizes and <strong>in</strong>terest rates. Generally speak<strong>in</strong>g, lenders<br />

do not like to see all <strong>of</strong> a borrower's debt payments (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g property expenses)<br />

exceed around 40% <strong>of</strong> total monthly pretax <strong>in</strong>come. Some mortgage lenders are known<br />

to allow as high as 55%.<br />

Monthly Payment Formula<br />

<strong>The</strong> fixed monthly payment for a fixed rate mortgage is the amount paid by the borrower<br />

every month that ensures that the loan is paid <strong>of</strong>f <strong>in</strong> full with <strong>in</strong>terest at the end <strong>of</strong> its<br />

term. <strong>The</strong> monthly payment formula is based on the annuity formula. <strong>The</strong> monthly<br />

payment c depends upon:<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

r - the monthly <strong>in</strong>terest rate, expressed as a decimal, not a percentage. S<strong>in</strong>ce the<br />

quoted yearly percentage rate is not a compounded rate, the monthly percentage<br />

rate is simply the yearly percentage rate divided by 12; divid<strong>in</strong>g the monthly<br />

percentage rate by 100 gives r, the monthly rate expressed as a decimal.<br />

N - the number <strong>of</strong> monthly payments, called the loan's term, and<br />

P - the amount borrowed, known as the loan's pr<strong>in</strong>cipal.<br />

In the standardized calculations used <strong>in</strong> the United States, c is given by the formula:<br />

For example, for a home loan <strong>of</strong> $200,000 with a fixed yearly <strong>in</strong>terest rate <strong>of</strong> 6.5% for 30<br />

years, the pr<strong>in</strong>cipal is , the monthly <strong>in</strong>terest rate is ,<br />

the number <strong>of</strong> monthly payments is<br />

, the fixed monthly payment<br />

equals $1,264.14. This formula is provided us<strong>in</strong>g the f<strong>in</strong>ancial function PMT <strong>in</strong> a<br />

spreadsheet such as Excel. In the example, the monthly payment is obta<strong>in</strong>ed by<br />

enter<strong>in</strong>g either <strong>of</strong> the these formulas:<br />

Page 210 <strong>of</strong> 289

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