African Folklore: An Encyclopedia - Marshalls University

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E.Kezilahabi Department of African Languages and Literature University of Botswana Doreen Helen Klassen Department of Social Science Sir Wilfred Grenfell College Memorial University of Newfoundland Corinne A.Kratz Center for the Study of Public Scholarship Emory University Alisa LaGamma Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas Museum of Metropolitan Art Jérôme Lentin Department of Arabic Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (France) Edward Lifschitz National Museum of African Art Smithsonian Institution Petros Mafika Lubisi Department of African Languages University of Zululand (South Africa) Elísio Macamo Department of Sociology University of Bayreuth (Germany) Yousif Hasan Mandani Department of Folklore Institute of African and Asian Studies University of Khartoum (Sudan) Minette Mans Performing Arts Department University of Namibia Adeline Masquelier Department of Anthropology Tulane University
Daniel Mato Department of Art History University of Calgary Joseph L.Mbele Department of English St. Olaf College Michael McGovern African Studies Emory University Patrick McNaughton Department of Art Indiana University John C.Messenger Department of Anthropology, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Emeritus) Ohio State University John Middleton Department of Anthropology (Emeritus) Yale University Mustafa Kernel Mirzeler Africana Studies Western Michigan University Farah Eisa Mohamed Institute of African and Asian Studies University of Khartoum (Sudan) Makali I.Mokitimi Department of African Languages University of South Africa Benson A.Mulemi Department of Anthropology The Catholic University of Eastern Africa Diana Baird N’Diaye Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Smithsonian Institution Adrien N.Ngudiankama Institute of Education
Page 3 and 4: African Folklore
Page 5 and 6: African Folklore An Encyclopedia Ph
Page 7 and 8: To Our Teachers: William Bascom, Ri
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTION The Continent of Afric
Page 12 and 13: limited to ancient myths and animal
Page 14 and 15: “In the beginning was the Word…
Page 16 and 17: contemporary Africanists and Africa
Page 18 and 19: We give special thanks to our Advis
Page 21 and 22: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS David Adu-Aman
Page 23 and 24: University of Delaware David A.Brin
Page 25 and 26: Department of Pan-African Studies U
Page 27: School of Oriental and African Stud
Page 31 and 32: University of Washington Oyekan Owo
Page 33 and 34: State University of New York at Buf
Page 35 and 36: LIST OF ENTRIES Algeria Ancestors A
Page 37 and 38: Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti) Dol
Page 39 and 40: Legends: East Africa Lesotho (Kingd
Page 41 and 42: The Oxford Library of African Liter
Page 43 and 44: Surrogate Languages: Alternative Co
Page 45 and 46: Africa
Page 47 and 48: Northeast Africa: The Horn
Page 49 and 50: Southern Africa
Page 51 and 52: See Diaspora A AFRICAN AMERICANS AK
Page 53 and 54: African Americans 3 Ancestors form
Page 55 and 56: African Americans 5 Ephirim-Donkor,
Page 57 and 58: African Americans 7 put it. Accordi
Page 59 and 60: African Americans 9 beast, just “
Page 61 and 62: African Americans 11 archaisms, cli
Page 63 and 64: African Americans 13 With syntax, c
Page 65 and 66: African Americans 15 Zimbabwe On a
Page 67 and 68: African Americans 17 dug out about
Page 69 and 70: African Americans 19 towerlike unit
Page 71 and 72: African Americans 21 media formats
Page 73 and 74: African Americans 23 Astrology and
Page 75 and 76: African Americans 25 architect over
Page 77 and 78: African Americans 27 The fishermen
Page 79 and 80:
See Joking Relationships African Am
Page 81 and 82:
African Americans 31 The Engeley ma
Page 83 and 84:
African Americans 33 Southern music
Page 85 and 86:
African Americans 35 Levine, Lawren
Page 87 and 88:
African Americans 37 This involved
Page 89 and 90:
African Americans 39 References Bas
Page 91 and 92:
African Americans 41 characteristic
Page 93 and 94:
African Americans 43 Specialization
Page 95 and 96:
Trowell, Margaret. 1960. African De
Page 97 and 98:
African Americans 47 are shown as w
Page 99 and 100:
African Americans 49 admires a part
Page 101 and 102:
African Americans 51 “dug out of
Page 103 and 104:
African Americans 53 BIRTH AND DEAT
Page 105 and 106:
African Americans 55 It centered up
Page 107 and 108:
African Americans 57 their homestea
Page 109 and 110:
African Americans 59 raising of fun
Page 111 and 112:
African Americans 61 prejudice agai
Page 113 and 114:
African Americans 63 submerging in
Page 115 and 116:
African Americans 65 supreme milita
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African Americans 67 Goldwork and G
Page 119 and 120:
African Americans 69 From the fifte
Page 121 and 122:
African Americans 71 chiefdoms and
Page 123 and 124:
African Americans 73 See also Beadw
Page 125 and 126:
African Americans 75 Europe, it fel
Page 127 and 128:
African Americans 77 BODY ARTS: HAI
Page 129 and 130:
African Americans 79 Sahel region,
Page 131 and 132:
African Americans 81 BRAZIL See Dia
Page 133 and 134:
African Americans 83 C CALL-AND-RES
Page 135 and 136:
African Americans 85 References Ben
Page 137 and 138:
African Americans 87 CARDINAL DIREC
Page 139 and 140:
African Americans 89 Little has bee
Page 141 and 142:
African Americans 91 northwestern a
Page 143 and 144:
African Americans 93 social levelin
Page 145 and 146:
African Americans 95 and Trinidad.
Page 147 and 148:
African Americans 97 the Bahamas, a
Page 149 and 150:
African Americans 99 A participant
Page 151 and 152:
African Americans 101 their music a
Page 153 and 154:
African Americans 103 published in
Page 155 and 156:
African Americans 105 Amin’s reig
Page 157 and 158:
African Americans 107 dispenser tha
Page 159 and 160:
African Americans 109 cultures of t
Page 161 and 162:
African Americans 111 formulae, whi
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African Americans 113 may be sung,
Page 165 and 166:
African Americans 115 Van Caeneghem
Page 167 and 168:
African Americans 117 degrees Centi
Page 169 and 170:
African Americans 119 Kwahu, Anyi,
Page 171 and 172:
African Americans 121 occasionally,
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African Americans 123 variety of tr
Page 175 and 176:
See also Okyeame; Queen Mothers Afr
Page 177 and 178:
African Americans 127 that which is
Page 179 and 180:
African Americans 129 References Mw
Page 181 and 182:
African Americans 131 Folktales One
Page 183 and 184:
African Americans 133 (There was an
Page 185 and 186:
African Americans 135 Twenty-eight
Page 187 and 188:
African Americans 137 usage serves
Page 189 and 190:
African Americans 139 In the past t
Page 191 and 192:
African Americans 141 CONCERT PARTI
Page 193 and 194:
African Americans 143 The plays, pa
Page 195 and 196:
African Americans 145 CONTEMPORARY
Page 197 and 198:
African Americans 147 COSMOLOGY The
Page 199 and 200:
African Americans 149 Achieving Per
Page 201 and 202:
African Americans 151 Agni, Kru, Se
Page 203 and 204:
African Americans 153 See also Cari
Page 205 and 206:
African Americans 155 societal stru
Page 207 and 208:
African Americans 157 place mainly
Page 209 and 210:
African Americans 159 demonstrate h
Page 211 and 212:
African Americans 161 3. Oluwa ni o
Page 213 and 214:
African Americans 163 Mobutu’s po
Page 215 and 216:
African Americans 165 cannot admire
Page 217 and 218:
African Americans 167 Not only do a
Page 219 and 220:
African Americans 169 There are two
Page 221 and 222:
African Americans 171 Pastor Matthe
Page 223 and 224:
African Americans 173 young girls a
Page 225 and 226:
African Americans 175 N’Diaye, Di
Page 227 and 228:
African Americans 177 Samba and Car
Page 229 and 230:
African Americans 179 Folklore Char
Page 231 and 232:
African Americans 181 designs in si
Page 233 and 234:
African Americans 183 A Luba (Congo
Page 235 and 236:
African Americans 185 registers cha
Page 237 and 238:
African Americans 187 relatives in
Page 239 and 240:
African Americans 189 Oluguere Ko K
Page 241 and 242:
African Americans 191 Anonymous, n.
Page 243 and 244:
African Americans 193 Congo, for ex
Page 245 and 246:
African Americans 195 References Ca
Page 247 and 248:
African Americans 197 legal redress
Page 249 and 250:
African Americans 199 The French an
Page 251 and 252:
African Americans 201 is not forced
Page 253 and 254:
African Americans 203 include the t
Page 255 and 256:
African Americans 205 Curley, R. 19
Page 257 and 258:
African Americans 207 throughout Af
Page 259 and 260:
African Americans 209 E EAST AFRICA
Page 261 and 262:
African Americans 211 done without
Page 263 and 264:
African Americans 213 are considere
Page 265 and 266:
African Americans 215 Education and
Page 267 and 268:
African Americans 217 Osofisan, Bab
Page 269 and 270:
African Americans 219 Shona, Tonga,
Page 271 and 272:
African Americans 221 annually cele
Page 273 and 274:
African Americans 223 formats. The
Page 275 and 276:
African Americans 225 Mytton, Graha
Page 277 and 278:
African Americans 227 The tradition
Page 279 and 280:
African Americans 229 incurred the
Page 281 and 282:
African Americans 231 place assigne
Page 283 and 284:
African Americans 233 events he is
Page 285 and 286:
African Americans 235 Dumestre, Gé
Page 287 and 288:
African Americans 237 conflict grew
Page 289 and 290:
works in all media display a consis
Page 291 and 292:
African Americans 241 Christian Cop
Page 293 and 294:
African Americans 243 Influenced by
Page 295 and 296:
See Music African Americans 245 EWE
Page 297 and 298:
African Americans 247 usually sever
Page 299 and 300:
African Americans 249 sport coats.
Page 301 and 302:
African Americans 251 FILMS ON AFRI
Page 303 and 304:
African Americans 253 and respectfu
Page 305 and 306:
African Americans 255 itinerant cer
Page 307 and 308:
African Americans 257 Some films fo
Page 309 and 310:
African Americans 259 Robert Gessai
Page 311 and 312:
African Americans 261 Medicine Many
Page 313 and 314:
African Americans 263 initiates sin
Page 315 and 316:
African Americans 265 also fascinat
Page 317 and 318:
African Americans 267 “system of
Page 319 and 320:
African Americans 269 Even though t
Page 321 and 322:
African Americans 271 song, which i
Page 323 and 324:
African Americans 273 Performance W
Page 325 and 326:
African Americans 275 borders of Na
Page 327 and 328:
African Americans 277 For Pounded Y
Page 329 and 330:
African Americans 279 undertook the
Page 331 and 332:
African Americans 281 other, someti
Page 333 and 334:
African Americans 283 orality from
Page 335 and 336:
See Epics; Prose and Poetry of the
Page 337 and 338:
African Americans 287 GAMBIA, THE (
Page 339 and 340:
African Americans 289 preserve in t
Page 341 and 342:
African Americans 291 (long tongue)
Page 343 and 344:
African Americans 293 Seitel, Peter
Page 345 and 346:
African Americans 295 Hermann Bauma
Page 347 and 348:
African Americans 297 interpretatio
Page 349 and 350:
African Americans 299 Hand Gestures
Page 351 and 352:
African Americans 301 a chopping mo
Page 353 and 354:
African Americans 303 twentieth-cen
Page 355 and 356:
African Americans 305 Legon’s Sch
Page 357 and 358:
African Americans 307 as “the pop
Page 359 and 360:
African Americans 309 Waja women us
Page 361 and 362:
African Americans 311 The importanc
Page 363 and 364:
African Americans 313 fretless harp
Page 365 and 366:
African Americans 315 neighbors as
Page 367 and 368:
African Americans 317 Kusuzya: The
Page 369 and 370:
African Americans 319 Chart 3: Man
Page 371 and 372:
African Americans 321 Greeting an U
Page 373 and 374:
African Americans 323 There are two
Page 375 and 376:
African Americans 325 GRIAULE, MARC
Page 377 and 378:
African Americans 327 Sold into Spa
Page 379 and 380:
African Americans 329 griot or grio
Page 381 and 382:
African Americans 331 GUINEA-BISSAU
Page 383 and 384:
African Americans 333 differences,
Page 385 and 386:
African Americans 335 often trouble
Page 387 and 388:
African Americans 337 singers tend
Page 389 and 390:
African Americans 339 Proverbs in A
Page 391 and 392:
African Americans 341 Archival Sour
Page 393 and 394:
African Americans 343 following peo
Page 395 and 396:
African Americans 345 doubt, will c
Page 397 and 398:
African Americans 347 One particula
Page 399 and 400:
African Americans 349 HISTORY AND R
Page 401 and 402:
African Americans 351 References Co
Page 403 and 404:
African Americans 353 provided with
Page 405 and 406:
African Americans 355 The leader ma
Page 407 and 408:
creation of national parks. Game po
Page 409 and 410:
African Americans 359 one’s own l
Page 411 and 412:
African Americans 361 Ideophones ar
Page 413 and 414:
African Americans 363 Four green vo
Page 415 and 416:
African Americans 365 As would be e
Page 417 and 418:
African Americans 367 A relatively
Page 419 and 420:
African Americans 369 INSTITUTIONAL
Page 421 and 422:
African Americans 371 graduate cour
Page 423 and 424:
African Americans 373 renamed the E
Page 425 and 426:
African Americans 375 as part of th
Page 427 and 428:
African Americans 377 The center ha
Page 429 and 430:
African Americans 379 Nearly three
Page 431 and 432:
African Americans 381 ISLAMIC BROTH
Page 433 and 434:
African Americans 383 Today Touba
Page 435 and 436:
African Americans 385 rosary and th
Page 437 and 438:
African Americans 387 J JAPANESE ST
Page 439 and 440:
African Americans 389 Sofue, Takao.
Page 441 and 442:
African Americans 391 during daytim
Page 443 and 444:
African Americans 393 illustrates,
Page 445 and 446:
African Americans 395 Radcliffe-Bro
Page 447 and 448:
African Americans 397 At a funeral
Page 449 and 450:
African Americans 399 they avoid re
Page 451 and 452:
See Tourism and Tourist Arts Africa
Page 453 and 454:
African Americans 403 Using these e
Page 455 and 456:
African Americans 405 References As
Page 457 and 458:
African Americans 407 Apart from th
Page 459 and 460:
spoken in Madagascar. Due to coloni
Page 461 and 462:
African Americans 411 The first lev
Page 463 and 464:
African Americans 413 Creole langua
Page 465 and 466:
African Americans 415 (yes) and zun
Page 467 and 468:
African Americans 417 common cultur
Page 469 and 470:
African Americans 419 Political Leg
Page 471 and 472:
African Americans 421 Warfare Legen
Page 473 and 474:
African Americans 423 Christians ac
Page 475 and 476:
African Americans 425 between the h
Page 477 and 478:
African Americans 427 are successfu
Page 479 and 480:
African Americans 429 Odak, O. 1995
Page 481 and 482:
African Americans 431 creativity an
Page 483 and 484:
African Americans 433 were both des
Page 485 and 486:
African Americans 435 organizations
Page 487 and 488:
African Americans 437 LINGUISTICS A
Page 489 and 490:
convey hypocrisy. Its power can and
Page 491 and 492:
See Prose Narratives African Americ
Page 493 and 494:
African Americans 443 A corn market
Page 495 and 496:
African Americans 445 frequent, hol
Page 497 and 498:
African Americans 447 The world tha
Page 499 and 500:
African Americans 449 (transl. from
Page 501 and 502:
African Americans 451 History From
Page 503 and 504:
African Americans 453 It is true th
Page 505 and 506:
African Americans 455 Mention shoul
Page 507 and 508:
African Americans 457 In many Afric
Page 509 and 510:
African Americans 459 circles, tria
Page 511 and 512:
African Americans 461 MALAGASY See
Page 513 and 514:
African Americans 463 generally, bu
Page 515 and 516:
African Americans 465 emerges fully
Page 517 and 518:
African Americans 467 ——2000. W
Page 519 and 520:
On September 22, 1960, Mali gained
Page 521 and 522:
African Americans 471 “sleeping
Page 523 and 524:
African Americans 473 Janzen, J.M.
Page 525 and 526:
African Americans 475 objects were
Page 527 and 528:
African Americans 477 The Muslim-Ar
Page 529 and 530:
African Americans 479 Herzfeld, Mic
Page 531 and 532:
African Americans 481 horns, or tee
Page 533 and 534:
African Americans 483 Preparation a
Page 535 and 536:
African Americans 485 Regardless of
Page 537 and 538:
African Americans 487 that female p
Page 539 and 540:
African Americans 489 expression. M
Page 541 and 542:
African Americans 491 Tonkin, Eliza
Page 543 and 544:
African Americans 493 environments.
Page 545 and 546:
African Americans 495 The perceived
Page 547 and 548:
African Americans 497 decrease of t
Page 549 and 550:
African Americans 499 pious Muslim
Page 551 and 552:
African Americans 501 social groups
Page 553 and 554:
African Americans 503 easily treate
Page 555 and 556:
African Americans 505 The other str
Page 557 and 558:
African Americans 507 METALLURGY AN
Page 559 and 560:
African Americans 509 Women were oc
Page 561 and 562:
African Americans 511 which still s
Page 563 and 564:
African Americans 513 MUSIC IN AFRI
Page 565 and 566:
African Americans 515 African music
Page 567 and 568:
African Americans 517 reflects the
Page 569 and 570:
African Americans 519 vitality of t
Page 571 and 572:
African Americans 521 can sound qui
Page 573 and 574:
African Americans 523 In the realm
Page 575 and 576:
African Americans 525 Those musicia
Page 577 and 578:
African Americans 527 MUSIC: ATALAK
Page 579 and 580:
African Americans 529 Lonoh, M.B. 1
Page 581 and 582:
African Americans 531 questions of
Page 583 and 584:
African Americans 533 Idiophones: T
Page 585 and 586:
African Americans 535 References Ku
Page 587 and 588:
African Americans 537 Musicians are
Page 589 and 590:
African Americans 539 spontaneity a
Page 591 and 592:
African Americans 541 configuration
Page 593 and 594:
African Americans 543 Collins, John
Page 595 and 596:
African Americans 545 only to the c
Page 597 and 598:
African Americans 547 cases bears a
Page 599 and 600:
African Americans 549 Despite its i
Page 601 and 602:
African Americans 551 Collins/Bokoo
Page 603 and 604:
African Americans 553 MUSICAL INSTR
Page 605 and 606:
African Americans 555 their values
Page 607 and 608:
African Americans 557 bow, or the e
Page 609 and 610:
African Americans 559 The five-stri
Page 611 and 612:
African Americans 561 guide: the ne
Page 613 and 614:
African Americans 563 to have accep
Page 615 and 616:
African Americans 565 Koto the Bird
Page 617 and 618:
African Americans 567 A procession
Page 619 and 620:
African Americans 569 Cosmic Dualis
Page 621 and 622:
African Americans 571 universal pow
Page 623 and 624:
African Americans 573 two of whom d
Page 625 and 626:
African Americans 575 NAMING CUSTOM
Page 627 and 628:
African Americans 577 NAMING CUSTOM
Page 629 and 630:
African Americans 579 after the dea
Page 631 and 632:
African Americans 581 (Evans-Pritch
Page 633 and 634:
African Americans 583 ——. 1969.
Page 635 and 636:
African Americans 585 abandoned and
Page 637 and 638:
African Americans 587 The Northeast
Page 639 and 640:
African Americans 589 the introduct
Page 641 and 642:
African Americans 591 with his cult
Page 643 and 644:
African Americans 593 The Aarne-Tho
Page 645 and 646:
African Americans 595 Maspero, Gast
Page 647 and 648:
African Americans 597 Animals endow
Page 649 and 650:
African Americans 599 Kennedy, John
Page 651 and 652:
African Americans 601 this writing
Page 653 and 654:
African Americans 603 O OKYEAME Oky
Page 655 and 656:
African Americans 605 to the royal
Page 657 and 658:
African Americans 607 married life
Page 659 and 660:
African Americans 609 exotica that
Page 661 and 662:
African Americans 611 beginning to
Page 663 and 664:
African Americans 613 Olatunji’s
Page 665 and 666:
African Americans 615 Igbo dramatic
Page 667 and 668:
African Americans 617 deconstruct t
Page 669 and 670:
African Americans 619 Jackson, Mich
Page 671 and 672:
African Americans 621 ORAL LITERATU
Page 673 and 674:
African Americans 623 The term oral
Page 675 and 676:
African Americans 625 focus into va
Page 677 and 678:
African Americans 627 None of the t
Page 679 and 680:
African Americans 629 types of tale
Page 681 and 682:
African Americans 631 were based in
Page 683 and 684:
African Americans 633 based on past
Page 685 and 686:
African Americans 635 considered to
Page 687 and 688:
African Americans 637 wherever they
Page 689 and 690:
African Americans 639 memorabilia o
Page 691 and 692:
African Americans 641 There are app
Page 693 and 694:
African Americans 643 Finally, anot
Page 695 and 696:
African Americans 645 Gender Rhetor
Page 697 and 698:
African Americans 647 Political ora
Page 699 and 700:
African Americans 649 Songs Songs a
Page 701 and 702:
African Americans 651 to illus-trat
Page 703 and 704:
African Americans 653 pan-human dil
Page 705 and 706:
African Americans 655 See also Dias
Page 707 and 708:
African Americans 657 There are mul
Page 709 and 710:
African Americans 659 and imaginati
Page 711 and 712:
African Americans 661 A very large
Page 713 and 714:
African Americans 663 P PALAVER (KI
Page 715 and 716:
African Americans 665 References La
Page 717 and 718:
African Americans 667 Orally transm
Page 719 and 720:
African Americans 669 PERFORMANCE S
Page 721 and 722:
African Americans 671 painting; it
Page 723 and 724:
African Americans 673 restore or re
Page 725 and 726:
African Americans 675 performing mu
Page 727 and 728:
African Americans 677 unconditional
Page 729 and 730:
African Americans 679 Hale, Thomas
Page 731 and 732:
African Americans 681 blacks. Becau
Page 733 and 734:
African Americans 683 tradition, me
Page 735 and 736:
African Americans 685 admiral Balã
Page 737 and 738:
African Americans 687 Espirito Sant
Page 739 and 740:
African Americans 689 PERFORMING AR
Page 741 and 742:
African Americans 691 imagery. Gene
Page 743 and 744:
African Americans 693 seasonal cele
Page 745 and 746:
African Americans 695 people’s li
Page 747 and 748:
African Americans 697 given to a li
Page 749 and 750:
African Americans 699 Lingala Linga
Page 751 and 752:
African Americans 701 POLYRHYTHM Po
Page 753 and 754:
African Americans 703 term is that
Page 755 and 756:
African Americans 705 customers fol
Page 757 and 758:
African Americans 707 The 1950s saw
Page 759 and 760:
African Americans 709 money, limiti
Page 761 and 762:
African Americans 711 Little occurr
Page 763 and 764:
African Americans 713 such as the s
Page 765 and 766:
African Americans 715 warfare techn
Page 767 and 768:
African Americans 717 ——. 1964c
Page 769 and 770:
African Americans 719 incorporate p
Page 771 and 772:
African Americans 721 San Praises S
Page 773 and 774:
African Americans 723 advances in t
Page 775 and 776:
Translation: Translation: African A
Page 777 and 778:
Translation: African Americans 727
Page 779 and 780:
African Americans 729 Worker poets
Page 781 and 782:
Translation: African Americans 731
Page 783 and 784:
African Americans 733 Opland, Jeff.
Page 785 and 786:
African Americans 735 abundant. The
Page 787 and 788:
African Americans 737 Genres of Son
Page 789 and 790:
African Americans 739 PROSE NARRATI
Page 791 and 792:
African Americans 741 associated wi
Page 793 and 794:
African Americans 743 which they di
Page 795 and 796:
African Americans 745 of this type
Page 797 and 798:
African Americans 747 personal iden
Page 799 and 800:
African Americans 749 holidays. The
Page 801 and 802:
African Americans 751 according to
Page 803 and 804:
African Americans 753 Rasmussen, Su
Page 805 and 806:
African Americans 755 function of t
Page 807 and 808:
African Americans 757 accepted soci
Page 809 and 810:
African Americans 759 In northern T
Page 811 and 812:
African Americans 761 The Kwagh-hir
Page 813 and 814:
African Americans 763 Q QUEEN MOTHE
Page 815 and 816:
African Americans 765 Political Rol
Page 817 and 818:
African Americans 767 relations to
Page 819 and 820:
African Americans 769 the hierarchi
Page 821 and 822:
African Americans 771 O’Barr, Jea
Page 823 and 824:
African Americans 773 women’s ret
Page 825 and 826:
African Americans 775 RASTAFARI: A
Page 827 and 828:
African Americans 777 harbored. Ove
Page 829 and 830:
African Americans 779 Chevannes, Ba
Page 831 and 832:
African Americans 781 how was the w
Page 833 and 834:
African Americans 783 ancient scrip
Page 835 and 836:
African Americans 785 RELIGIONS: AF
Page 837 and 838:
African Americans 787 Oxumara is re
Page 839 and 840:
African Americans 789 Bastide, Roge
Page 841 and 842:
African Americans 791 Catholic brot
Page 843 and 844:
African Americans 793 frequently th
Page 845 and 846:
RIDDLES: SESOTHO RIDDLES The Basoth
Page 847 and 848:
African Americans 797 themselves in
Page 849 and 850:
African Americans 799 Herero women
Page 851 and 852:
African Americans 801 the Okiek peo
Page 853 and 854:
African Americans 803 Africanists:
Page 855 and 856:
African Americans 805 Rwandan poet
Page 857 and 858:
African Americans 807 individuals a
Page 859 and 860:
African Americans 809 invocations t
Page 861 and 862:
African Americans 811 A plate plast
Page 863 and 864:
African Americans 813 History Membe
Page 865 and 866:
African Americans 815 calendrical f
Page 867 and 868:
African Americans 817 Pichardo, Ern
Page 869 and 870:
African Americans 819 Frequently, i
Page 871 and 872:
African Americans 821 References ,
Page 873 and 874:
African Americans 823 SEYCHELLES Lo
Page 875 and 876:
African Americans 825 Aitin, Davide
Page 877 and 878:
African Americans 827 Among the Men
Page 879 and 880:
African Americans 829 A Narrative G
Page 881 and 882:
African Americans 831 triumphs over
Page 883 and 884:
the proverb says, “Knead your own
Page 885 and 886:
problem for its people for centurie
Page 887 and 888:
usually characterized by a more phi
Page 889 and 890:
African Americans 839 longan, and p
Page 891 and 892:
African Americans 841 The little pa
Page 893 and 894:
African Americans 843 South Africa
Page 895 and 896:
African Americans 845 poem interact
Page 897 and 898:
African Americans 847 coordinates t
Page 899 and 900:
African Americans 849 original and
Page 901 and 902:
African Americans 851 customs the w
Page 903 and 904:
African Americans 853 “ownership,
Page 905 and 906:
African Americans 855 SOUTHERN AFRI
Page 907 and 908:
African Americans 857 would continu
Page 909 and 910:
African Americans 859 the nation, h
Page 911 and 912:
African Americans 861 heard the gun
Page 913 and 914:
African Americans 863 There are als
Page 915 and 916:
African Americans 865 Jones, A.M.,
Page 917 and 918:
African Americans 867 prescriptive
Page 919 and 920:
African Americans 869 the 1980s. In
Page 921 and 922:
African Americans 871 Those seminal
Page 923 and 924:
African Americans 873 Studies of Sh
Page 925 and 926:
African Americans 875 Bourdillon, M
Page 927 and 928:
African Americans 877 The hunter to
Page 929 and 930:
African Americans 879 are designate
Page 931 and 932:
African Americans 881 See also Dias
Page 933 and 934:
African Americans 883 Strickland, B
Page 935 and 936:
African Americans 885 wear the face
Page 937 and 938:
African Americans 887 central state
Page 939 and 940:
African Americans 889 trade. It has
Page 941 and 942:
African Americans 891 collected by
Page 943 and 944:
Page 945 and 946:
African Americans 895 A Xhosa woman
Page 947 and 948:
African Americans 897 Nokavala, a X
Page 949 and 950:
African Americans 899 but they can
Page 951 and 952:
African Americans 901 Arabic is the
Page 953 and 954:
African Americans 903 differ in voc
Page 955 and 956:
African Americans 905 disappearance
Page 957 and 958:
African Americans 907 People, Anima
Page 959 and 960:
African Americans 909 Surrogate lan
Page 961 and 962:
Nketia, J.H.Kwabena. 1971. Surrogat
Page 963 and 964:
African Americans 913 T TABWA See A
Page 965 and 966:
African Americans 915 smoothness or
Page 967 and 968:
African Americans 917 crucial momen
Page 969 and 970:
African Americans 919 Domowitz note
Page 971 and 972:
African Americans 921 Technological
Page 973 and 974:
African Americans 923 Multiple Patt
Page 975 and 976:
African Americans 925 Central Afric
Page 977 and 978:
African Americans 927 Contemporary
Page 979 and 980:
African Americans 929 pillows. They
Page 981 and 982:
African Americans 931 References Be
Page 983 and 984:
African Americans 933 considered mu
Page 985 and 986:
African Americans 935 more popular
Page 987 and 988:
African Americans 937 Jeyifo, Biodu
Page 989 and 990:
African Americans 939 thunderous ex
Page 991 and 992:
African Americans 941 References Co
Page 993 and 994:
African Americans 943 being perform
Page 995 and 996:
African Americans 945 The first Yor
Page 997 and 998:
African Americans 947 TIV See Perfo
Page 999 and 1000:
African Americans 949 Olakhalaka ak
Page 1001 and 1002:
African Americans 951 identity and
Page 1003 and 1004:
African Americans 953 TOURISM AND T
Page 1005 and 1006:
African Americans 955 markets, novi
Page 1007 and 1008:
African Americans 957 longer be pos
Page 1009 and 1010:
African Americans 959 Povey, John.
Page 1011 and 1012:
African Americans 961 References Ab
Page 1013 and 1014:
African Americans 963 Hare talks a
Page 1015 and 1016:
African Americans 965 TRICKSTERS: E
Page 1017 and 1018:
African Americans 967 They know ver
Page 1019 and 1020:
See Central African Folklore; Rwand
Page 1021 and 1022:
African Americans 971 material of t
Page 1023 and 1024:
African Americans 973 (in the Propp
Page 1025 and 1026:
Page 1027 and 1028:
African Americans 977 A number of t
Page 1029 and 1030:
African Americans 979 performed, so
Page 1031 and 1032:
African Americans 981 The third fac
Page 1033 and 1034:
African Americans 983 References Kn
Page 1035 and 1036:
African Americans 985 sparked a sch
Page 1037 and 1038:
African Americans 987 institutional
Page 1039 and 1040:
African Americans 989 characteristi
Page 1041 and 1042:
African Americans 991 See also Cari
Page 1043 and 1044:
African Americans 993 She walks umi
Page 1045 and 1046:
African Americans 995 it to life. T
Page 1047 and 1048:
African Americans 997 Conclusion Ib
Page 1049 and 1050:
African Americans 999 Members of a
Page 1051 and 1052:
African Americans 1001 ruling elite
Page 1053 and 1054:
African Americans 1003 adornment an
Page 1055 and 1056:
African Americans 1005 Murray, K.C.
Page 1057 and 1058:
African Americans 1007 known about
Page 1059 and 1060:
African Americans 1009 externalize
Page 1061 and 1062:
African Americans 1011 References B
Page 1063 and 1064:
African Americans 1013 W WARI Wari
Page 1065 and 1066:
African Americans 1015 In the twent
Page 1067 and 1068:
African Americans 1017 tales by say
Page 1069 and 1070:
African Americans 1019 I’have pre
Page 1071 and 1072:
African Americans 1021 comfortable
Page 1073 and 1074:
African Americans 1023 Haiti. And,
Page 1075 and 1076:
African Americans 1025 WITCHCRAFT,
Page 1077 and 1078:
African Americans 1027 powerful in
Page 1079 and 1080:
African Americans 1029 spread by wi
Page 1081 and 1082:
African Americans 1031 fertility an
Page 1083 and 1084:
African Americans 1033 WOMEN’S EX
Page 1085 and 1086:
African Americans 1035 equally intr
Page 1087 and 1088:
African Americans 1037 WOMEN’S FO
Page 1089 and 1090:
African Americans 1039 Goodbye kitc
Page 1091 and 1092:
African Americans 1041 There are ot
Page 1093 and 1094:
African Americans 1043 internationa
Page 1095 and 1096:
African Americans 1045 the social s
Page 1097 and 1098:
African Americans 1047 organized an
Page 1099 and 1100:
African Americans 1049 intonations,
Page 1101 and 1102:
African Americans 1051 over the con
Page 1103 and 1104:
African Americans 1053 farming comm
Page 1105 and 1106:
African Americans 1055 specialized
Page 1107 and 1108:
African Americans 1057 Y YARDS AND
Page 1109 and 1110:
African Americans 1059 Westmacott,
Page 1111 and 1112:
African Americans 1061 ZAR: SPIRIT
Page 1113 and 1114:
African Americans 1063 Zar is of re
Page 1115 and 1116:
African Americans 1065
Page 1117 and 1118:
Appendix 1067 • The Primary Insti
Page 1119 and 1120:
Appendix 1069 This appendix identif
Page 1121 and 1122:
Appendix 1071 Chad Chad and Central
Page 1123 and 1124:
Appendix 1073 Gambia and Senegal, W
Page 1125 and 1126:
Appendix 1075 Liberia Liberia and S
Page 1127 and 1128:
Appendix 1077 Mozambique Mozambique
Page 1129 and 1130:
Appendix 1079 Nigeria, Sierra Leone
Page 1131 and 1132:
Appendix 1081 Sierra Leone, Norther
Page 1133 and 1134:
Appendix 1083 Uganda, Bugembe, vari
Page 1135 and 1136:
Appendix 1085 United States, Indian
Page 1137 and 1138:
Appendix 1087 Various and Unknown L
Page 1139:
Appendix 1089 Zaire, Luba, 1972. St
Page 1142 and 1143:
Appendix 1092 Bambara of Mali (The)
Page 1144 and 1145:
Appendix 1094 From the Village of t
Page 1146 and 1147:
Appendix 1096 Mami Wata. The Spirit
Page 1148 and 1149:
Appendix 1098 Senufo, The (West Afr
Page 1150 and 1151:
Appendix 1100 We Jive Like This. 19
Page 1152 and 1153:
Appendix 1102 Ayodele Ogundipe, An
Page 1154 and 1155:
INDEX Note: Main encyclopedia entri
Page 1156 and 1157:
Index 1106 akyeame. See okyeame ALA
Page 1158 and 1159:
Index 1108 theater and, 466 aphoris
Page 1160 and 1161:
Index 1110 Bâ, Âmadou Hampâte, 3
Page 1162 and 1163:
Belgian Congo, 538 Belgium Lugbara
Page 1164 and 1165:
superstitions about, 448, 449 body
Page 1166 and 1167:
urials animals’ positions at, 44
Page 1168 and 1169:
Index 1118 celestial names, 11 cele
Page 1170 and 1171:
Index 1120 childwitches, 510 Chimer
Page 1172 and 1173:
See also administrators, colonial;
Page 1174 and 1175:
creolization, of Indian Ocean Islan
Page 1176 and 1177:
Index 1126 de Conti, Nicolas, 14 de
Page 1178 and 1179:
Index 1128 diseases. See illness di
Page 1180 and 1181:
Index 1130 EACROTANAL. See East Afr
Page 1182 and 1183:
Index 1132 of deserts, 413-414 Fula
Page 1184 and 1185:
Index 1134 Fanta Maa people, 117 fa
Page 1186 and 1187:
Index 1136 huja, 240 jokes and, 196
Page 1188 and 1189:
wakes ancestors and, 2 clothing at,
Page 1190 and 1191:
Index 1140 See also body language n
Page 1192 and 1193:
Index 1142 Les Ballets Africains of
Page 1194 and 1195:
Index 1144 theater for, 466 Henige,
Page 1196 and 1197:
Hunde society, 54 Hunt, George, 121
Page 1198 and 1199:
Index 1148 See also Comoros; Madaga
Page 1200 and 1201:
See also Comoros; marabouts; Muslim
Page 1202 and 1203:
Jung, Carl Gustav, 148 on dreams, 1
Page 1204 and 1205:
Index 1154 for Kunda people, 179 as
Page 1206 and 1207:
Index 1156 unification through, 107
Page 1208 and 1209:
Index 1158 oral literature Arabic/J
Page 1210 and 1211:
Index 1160 oratory in, 322 Malagasy
Page 1212 and 1213:
and masquerades, 241-244, 332 songs
Page 1214 and 1215:
Index 1164 as potters, 59 as sculpt
Page 1216 and 1217:
Index 1166 in electronic media, 110
Page 1218 and 1219:
Mutsiya wa Munge, 473 Mutwa, Credo
Page 1220 and 1221:
Index 1170 N’diaye, Felix Samba,
Page 1222 and 1223:
Nyerere, Julius, 19, 84, 158, 453 N
Page 1224 and 1225:
Index 1174 Yoruba, 72, 325-326, 405
Page 1226 and 1227:
picong (coded remark said in jest),
Page 1228 and 1229:
Index 1178 of southern Africa, 422-
Page 1230 and 1231:
queens. See specific individuals Qu
Page 1232 and 1233:
y universities, 184-188, 231, 504-5
Page 1234 and 1235:
umor gossip and, 152-153 legend v.,
Page 1236 and 1237:
Index 1186 See also loueds (channel
Page 1238 and 1239:
Index 1188 Sigd (pilgrimage holiday
Page 1240 and 1241:
Index 1190 in epics, 113-114 for fa
Page 1242 and 1243:
Index 1192 and healing in São Tom
Page 1244 and 1245:
Sutherland, Efua, 333 Sutherland-Ar
Page 1246 and 1247:
Index 1196 in southern Africa, 465-
Page 1248 and 1249:
in oral narrative, 314 Rabbit as, 4
Page 1250 and 1251:
Index 1200 theater programs, 464, 4
Page 1252 and 1253:
Wari, 501-502, 502 Bao v., 19 as ma
Page 1254 and 1255:
Index 1204 Ba Aka, 520, 520, 521, 5
Page 1256 and 1257:
Santeria religion animal invectives
Page 1258:
REVELATION
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