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African Folklore: An Encyclopedia - Marshalls University

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<strong>African</strong> folklore 774<br />

Some critics of radio and television dramas in Africa worry that they have replaced<br />

older forms of entertainment, such as listening to elders tell traditional stories or to<br />

musicians sing about folk heroes. They fear the erosion of traditional culture and the<br />

influx of foreign influences. Others have argued that, in many cases, older forms of<br />

entertainment were available only to men and thus the availability of dramatic<br />

entertainment for wider audiences on television and radio is a welcome development.<br />

Drama on <strong>African</strong> radio and television brings to the forefront important social issues that<br />

can be engaged and reflected upon. It allows for a new type of creativity to flourish, one<br />

that incorporates both modern and timeless themes, as well as newer and more traditional<br />

storytelling devices. <strong>An</strong>d finally, radio and television dramas in <strong>African</strong> languages are<br />

vital for promoting the continued use and value of these languages. This is a particularly<br />

pressing issue, as European languages (typically English, French, or Portuguese) are used<br />

pervasively by most <strong>African</strong> radio and television stations, and are also accorded very high<br />

prestige through other dominant institutions of society such as education and government.<br />

References<br />

Abu-Lughod, Lila. 1995. The Objects of Soap Operas. In Worlds Apart: Modernity Through the<br />

Prism of the Local, ed. Daniel Miller. London: Routledge.<br />

Abu-Lughod, Lila. 1997. The Interpretation of Culture(s) after Television. Representations 59:109–<br />

34.<br />

Barber, Karin. 2000. The Generation of Plays: Yorùbá Popular Life in Theater. Bloomington and<br />

Indianapolis: Indiana <strong>University</strong> Press.<br />

Coplan, David. 1985. In Township Tonight!: South Africa’s Black City Music and Theatre. London,<br />

New York: Longman.<br />

Gunner, Liz. 2000. Wrestling with the Present, Beckoning to the Past: Contemporary Zulu Radio<br />

Drama. Journal of Southern <strong>African</strong> Studies 26, no. 2:223–37.<br />

Kruger, Loren. 1999. Theater for Development and TV Nation: Notes on an Educational Soap<br />

Opera in South Africa. Research in <strong>African</strong> Literatures 30, no. 4:106–26.<br />

Lyons, <strong>An</strong>drew P. and Harriet D. Lyons. 1985. “Return of the Ikoi-koi”: Manifestations of<br />

Liminality on Nigerian Television. <strong>An</strong>thropologica 27, no. 1–2:55–78.<br />

Lyons, <strong>An</strong>drew P. 1990. The Television and the Shrine: Towards a Theoretical Model for the Study<br />

of Mass Communications in Nigeria. Visual <strong>An</strong>thropology 3, no. 4:429–56.<br />

Lyons, Harriet D. 1990. Nigerian Television and the Problems of Urban <strong>African</strong> Women. In<br />

Culture and Development in Africa, eds. Stephen H.Arnold and <strong>An</strong>dre Nitecki. Trenton, N.J.:<br />

Africa World Press.<br />

Powdermaker, Hortense. 1962. Copper Town: Changing Africa. New York: Harper and Row.<br />

Rogers, Everett M., Peter W.Vaughan, Ramadhan M.A.Swalehe, et al. 1999. Effects of<br />

Entertainment-Education Radio Soap Opera on Family Planning Behavior in Tanzania. Studies<br />

in Family Planning 30, no. 3:193–211.<br />

Tager, Michele. 1997. Identification and Interpretation: “The Bold and the Beautiful” and the<br />

Urban Black Viewer in KwaZulu-Natal. Critical Arts 11, no. 1–2:95–119.<br />

Valente, Thomas W., Young Mi Kim, Cheryl Lettenmaier, et al. 1994. Radio Promotion of Family<br />

Planning in the Gambia. International Family Planning Perspectives 20, no. 3:96–100.<br />

DEBRA SPITULNIK<br />

See also Electronic Media and Oral Traditions; Popular Culture; Theater

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