Exotic Animal Formulary5

protozoa, myxosporeans, microsporidia,
helminths (Capillaroides xenopi), leeches, fly
larvae, other arthropods, fish lice, mollusks
(diet, water quality
tests, soil pH,
temperature); skin
scrapes (wet mount
and stained); PCR
tests for ranavirus
and chytrid; skin and
blood cultures; fecal
parasite exams;
plasma cholesterol
and triglycerides;
radiograph for
skeletal density;
plasma calcium and
phosphorus; CBC
and other plasma
biochemistries
Changes in
skin
texture
Excess mucus
production
Noninfectious causes: toxicosis, hypothermia,
hyperthermia, dehydration, desiccation,
burn, frostbite, trauma, neoplasia,
nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism,
xanthomatosis/hyperlipidosis, drug reaction
Infectious agents: virus, bacteria, mycobacteria,
mycoses, protozoa, myxosporeans,
microsporidia, helminths, fly larvae, leeches,
mites, ticks, fish lice, other arthropods,
mollusks
Noninfectious causes: toxicosis, hypothermia,
hyperthermia, dehydration, desiccation,
stress, trauma (especially rostral abrasion),
neoplasia, normal (e.g., dorsal crests in
European newts, egg brood patch of
Surinam toad, nuptial pads in male anurans)
Infectious agents: virus, bacteria, mycoses,
protozoa, helminths, arthropods, mollusks
Noninfectious causes: toxicosis (ammonia,
nitrite, chlorine, chloramine, salt, nicotine),
poor water quality (pH, hardness,
supersaturation), stress (cagemate, escape
behavior, inappropriate soil pH or
composition), hyperthermia, trauma
Biology review of species
in question;
husbandry review
(diet, water quality
tests, soil pH,
temperature); skin
scrapes (wet mount
and stained); PCR
tests for ranavirus
and chytrid; skin and
blood cultures; fecal
parasite exams; CBC
and plasma
biochemistries
Husbandry review (diet,
water quality tests,
soil pH, temperature);
skin scrapes (wet
mount and stained);
PCR tests for
ranavirus and
chytrid; skin and
blood culture; fecal
parasite exams; CBC
and plasma
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