Exotic Animal Formulary5

Table 6-8
Nebulization Agents Used in Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl. a,b
Agent Dosage Species/Comments
Ceftriaxone 40 mg/mL sterile water 69,80 Poultry/PD; prohibited drug 54,166
40 mg/mL sterile water and
DMSO 80
Poultry/PD; 1 g ceftriaxone in 10 mL
sterile water, plus 15 mL DMSO;
prohibited drug 54,166
200 mg/mL sterile water and
DMSO 80
Lincomycin 250 mg aerosolized drug/m 3
chamber×15-30 min 28
Poultry/PD; 4 g ceftriaxone in 10 mL
sterile water, plus 10 mL DMSO;
prohibited drug 54,166
Chickens/PD; antibiotic; therapeutic
concentrations in blood, lungs, and
trachea for up to 24 hr
Oxytetracycline
Tylosin
1 g/m 3 of air using a
DeVilbiss ultrasonic
nebulizer, or 0.075 g/m 3 of air
using a Fogmaster fogger 172
20 mg/mL DMSO or distilled
water×1 hr 93,94
Turkey poults
Quail/PD
a
Many poultry species are considered food-producing animal species, and as such, these species are
regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 166 Even if the individual animals of any of
these species are never used for food, they are still regulated by the FDA. The FDA prohibits the use of
certain drugs, with no allowable extra-label drug use, in any food-producing animal species. These
prohibited drugs are clearly identified in the tables, and the doses are provided in case they are needed
for a similar but non-food-producing animal species (e.g., Attwater’s prairie chicken), and listings should
in no way be misconstrued as an endorsement of using FDA-prohibited drugs in any food-producing
animal species. Please refer to the appropriate tables at the end of this chapter regarding the definitions
of prohibited drugs, extra-label drugs, labeled drugs, and drugs needing a Veterinary Feed Directive prior
to choosing a drug and dose. Please refer to the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank at
www.farad.org and other sources listed in Table 6.25 for meat and egg withdrawal times.
b
Nebulization is an adjunctive therapy indicated for rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, pneumonia,
airsacculitis, and syringeal aspergilloma, where there is air movement occurring in the patient’s disease
state; optimal particle size for deposition in the trachea is 2-10 μm; optimal particle size for peripheral
airways is 0.5-5 μm; treatments of 30-45 min repeated q4-12h are recommended; caution: do not
overhydrate airways. 69
Table 6-9
Agents Used in the Treatment of Toxicologic Conditions of Backyard Poultry and
Waterfowl. a
Agent Dosage Species/Comments
Atropine sulfate 0.1 mg/kg IM, Waterfowl/acetylcholinesterase toxicosis
581