Exotic Animal Formulary5

Table 5-50
ECG Measurements Reference Values on Lead II in Selected Avian Species
(Amplitude in mV, Interval/Duration in Sec). a,58
Species
African
Grey
parrot
Amazon
Parrot
Bald
Eagle
Chicken Cockatoo Macaw
Pekin
Duck
Racing
n 45 37 20 72 31 41 50
Heart rate 340-600 340-600 50-160 180-340 259-575 255-555 200-360
P amplitude 0.25-0.55 0.25-0.60 0.050-
0.325
— 0.13-0.53 0.03-0.47 —
P duration 0.012-
0.018
0.008-
0.017
0.030-
0.060
0.035-
0.043
0.009-
0.025
0.009-
0.021
0.015-
0.035
PR interval 0.040-
0.055
0.042-
0.055
0.070-
0.110
0.073-
0.089
0.039-
0.071
0.040-
0.068
0.04-0.08
S amplitude 0.9-2.2 0.7-2.3 0.150-
1.450
0.10-1.0 0.27-1.59 0.27-1.43 0.35-1.03
QRS
duration
0.010-
0.016
0.010-
0.015
0.020-
0.040
0.02-
0.028
0.014-
0.026
0.002-
0.030
0.028-
0.044
T amplitude 0.18-0.6 0.3-0.8 0.050-
0.200
0.03-0.28 0.17-0.97 0.12-0.80 0.04-0.40
QT interval 0.048-
0.080
0.050-
0.095
0.110-
0.165
— 0.065-
0.125
0.053-
0.109
0.08-0.12
MEA
−79 to
−103
−90 to
−107
−30 to
−150
−91 to
−120
−73 to
−89
−76 to
−87
−160 to
95
a
To obtain a 95% reference interval, all published results in the form of mean ± SD were reported as
mean ± 2SD and in the form of mean ± sem were reported as mean ±2 sem √n, when only the range or
a 95% reference interval was published, it was reported as is.
472