Exotic Animal Formulary5

20-50 mg/kg SC, IM,
IV 69
Ketamine (K)/diazepam (D) (K) 10-40 mg/kg IV +
(D) 1-1.5 mg/kg IM,
IV 69
Waterfowl/restraint 30-60 min;
smaller species require a higher
dose; large birds tend to recover
more slowly
Waterfowl/induction or surgical
anesthesia; rapid bolus may
produce apnea, arrhythmia, and
increased risk of death
(K) 75 mg/kg IM + (D) Chickens/diazepam given 10 min
2.5 mg/kg IV 69 after ketamine; pain reflexes
elicited at all times; recovery in
90-100 min
(K) 75 mg/kg IM + (D) White leghorn cockerels/diazepam
2.5 mg/kg IV 107 administered 5 min before
ketamine for typhlectomy;
smooth induction/recovery, some
limb contracture, hypothermia,
hypoxia, hypercapnia
Ketamine (K)/medetomidine
(Me)
(K) 1.5-2 mg/kg+(Me) Waterfowl/sedation; medetomidine
60-85 µg/kg IM, IV 69 no longer available but can be
compounded; see
dexmedetomidine 69
Ketamine (K)/medetomidine
(Me)/midazolam (Mi)
(K) 5-10 mg/kg+(Me)
100-200 µg/kg IM,
IV 69
(K) 10 mg/kg+(Me)
50 µg/kg+
(Mi) 2 mg/kg IV 99,100
Geese
Mallard ducks/PD; medetomidine
not currently available but can be
compounded; anesthesia of 30-
min duration; reverse with
atipamezole, flumazenil
intranasally; regimen considered
unsafe due to acidosis,
bradypnea, apnea, and in 1/12
birds, death 100
Ketamine (K)/midazolam
(Mi)
Ketamine (K)/xylazine (X)
(K) 50 mg/kg IV + (Mi) Chickens (white leghorn
2 mg/kg IM 107 cockerels)/midazolam
administered 5 min before
ketamine for typhlectomy;
hypoxia, hypercapnia, torticollis,
dyspnea, salivation noted;
prolonged recovery (92-105 min)
(K) 10 mg/kg+(X)
2 mg/kg IV 107 Chickens (white leghorn
cockerels)/for typhlectomy;
smooth induction/recovery;
optimal to excellent surgical
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