Exotic Animal Formulary5

half-life and mean residence time rapid and
similar in both spp.
5.5 mg/kg IM
q24h × 3 or 7
days 599
Budgerigars/some renal changes at 3 days;
birds had tubular necrosis at 7 days
Ibuprofen — Avoid in Gyps vultures 165
5-10 mg/kg PO
q8-12h 212
Psittacines/use pediatric suspension for small birds
Ketoprofen — Avoid in Gyps vultures, mortalities reported at
clinical doses;261,544 Cape Griffon vultures
1 mg/kg IM
q24h × 1-
10 days 38,76 Raptors
administered 5 mg/kg PO died within 48 hr 546
1-5 mg/kg IM
q12h 648
2.5 mg/kg IM
q24h × 3 or 7
days 599
Raptors
Budgerigars/low frequency of glomerular
congestion, degeneration/dilation of tubules
occurred at 3-7 day treatment
Meloxicam — No reported mortalities in over 700 cases of 60
species of birds, including Gyps vultures, 165,786,787
but few studies to date evaluating renal effects
of higher doses; 190,524b,744 the combination of
avian bornavirus challenge and meloxicam
treatment resulted in severe disease and death
in cockatiels, whereas challenge alone or
meloxicam treatment alone were not lethal
within the duration of this study 352,353
0.1 mg/kg IM
q24h × 3 or 7
days 599
0.5 mg/kg PO
q12h × 14
days 524b
Budgerigars/mild glomerular congestion and
tubular degeneration at 3 and 7 days
African grey parrots/PD; mild to no hematological
or biochemical changes, and no histologic
lesions in 9 of 10 birds after 14 days of
treatment
0.5 mg/kg IV 32 Ostriches, pigeons/PK; variable distribution,
ostrich had more rapid (0.5 hr) than other
species studied
0.5 mg/kg PO,
IV 433
Red-tailed hawks, great horned owls/PK;
significant differences in pharmacokinetics
between species strongly discourages
extrapolation between species; hawks had
353