Exotic Animal Formulary5

Butorphanol
(B)/midazolam (Mi)
Dexmedetomidine a
(Dexdomitor, Zoetis)
Dexmedetomidine
(De)/ketamine (K)
Dexmedetomidine
(De)/midazolam
(Mi)/ketamine (K)
(B) 0.4 mg/kg+(Mi) Most species/preanesthetic; administer
2 mg/kg IM 23 20 min before induction
— Dexmedetomidine combinations follow; α 2
agonist that has replaced
medetomidine; a reverse with
atipamezole
(De) 0.03 mg/kg+(K)
6 mg/kg IV 137 Hatchling leatherback sea
turtles/anesthesia; reversal with
atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg IM, IV)
(De) 0.1 mg/kg+(Mi)
1 mg/kg+(K)
2 mg/kg SC 245 Red-eared slider turtles/deep sedation
Dexmedetomidine
(De)/ketamine
(K)/morphine (Mo)
(De) 0.075 mg/kg+
(K) 8 mg/kg+
(Mo) 1 mg/kg
IM 263
Gopher tortoises/anesthesia, reversed with
atipamezole
Dextroketamine (DK) 10 mg/kg IV, ICe 156 Spectacled caiman/mild sedation ICe; PK
Dextroketamine
(DK)/midazolam (Mi)
(Mi) 0.5 mg/kg+(DK)
10 mg/kg IV,
ICe 156
Spectacled caiman/deep sedation IV; PK; no
analgesia
Diazepam — Diazepam has been replaced by the use of
midazolam in many cases; see ketamine
for combinations; muscle relaxation;
give 20 min prior to anesthesia;
potentially reversible with flumazenil;
drug interaction with ivermectin
0.5 mg/kg IM, IV 272 All species/seizures
2.5 mg/kg IM, IV 329 Most species/seizures
0.2-0.8 mg/kg IM 341 Snakes/use in conjunction with ketamine
for anesthesia with muscle relaxation
0.2-2 mg/kg IM, IV 344 Snakes, lizards
2.5 mg/kg PO 341 Iguanas/reduce anxiety which often leads
to aggression
0.2-1 mg/kg IM 341,344 Chelonians/use in conjunction with
ketamine for anesthesia with muscle
relaxation
Disoprofol
5-15 mg/kg IV to
effect 37
All species/anesthesia; similar
characteristics to propofol; not available
in United States
Doxapram 4-12 mg/kg IM, IV 341 Most species/respiratory stimulant
5 mg/kg IM, IV 23 Most species/respiratory stimulant; reduces
146