Exotic Animal Formulary5

Table 5-36
Fluid Therapy Recommendations for Birds.
When evaluating a patient for fluid therapy, the following factors should ideally be
considered: hydration status, electrolyte balance, acid-base status, hematologic and
biochemical values, and caloric balance.
• Warm fluids to 100-102°F (38-39°C) to help prevent or correct hypothermia
• Use caution when giving dextrose parenterally; 5% dextrose is a good choice for simple
dehydration; however, it can exacerbate problems significantly if used concurrent to
significant electrolyte loss 496,767
• When given orally, dextrose is rapidly absorbed from the intestinal tract without
creating an influx of fluid into the intestinal lumen and secondary dehydration 496,767
• Potassium chloride can be diluted in fluids to correct for potassium depletion based on
electrolyte analysis (0.1-0.3 mEq/kg) 808
• Hetastarch at 10-15 mL/kg IV q8h for up to four treatments or dextrans may be effective
for hypoproteinemia; synthetic colloids should be used with caution in patients
suffering from congestive heart failure or renal failure 529,772
Total parenteral nutrition may also be considered. 180,182
Maintenance and Deficit Replacement 289,358,529,628
• Determine fluid deficit:
Fluid deficit (mL) = body weight (g) × % dehydration
• Determine daily maintenance:
Daily maintenance is estimated at 50 mL (range: 40-60 mL/kg/day in many avian
species); the smallest passerines drink 250-300 mL/kg daily 483
• If possible, replace 50% of the deficit in the first 12-24 hr, and the remainder over the
next 24-48 hr; some clinicians recommend replacing 20%-25% of the deficit in the first 4-
6 hr, and the remaining volume during the next 24-72 hr
456