Exotic Animal Formulary5

q10min prn
20 mg/kg IM, IV,
IO 272
recovery time; reported to partially
“reverse” effects of dissociatives 217
Most species/respiratory stimulant
5-10 mg/kg IV 349 American alligators/immediate dosedependent
increase in breathing
frequency
Epinephrine (1:1000)
0.5-1 mg/kg IV, IO,
IT 272
Most species/CPR, cardiac arrest
0.1 mg/kg IM 125 Snapping turtles/reduction in time to
spontaneous respiration after
isoflurane anesthesia
Etorphine (M-99, Wildlife
Pharmaceuticals)
Flumazenil (Romazicon,
Hoffman-LaRoche)
0.3-0.5 mg/kg Crocodilians, chelonians/very potent
IM 269 0.3-
narcotic; crocodilians: induction, 5-
2.75 mg/kg IM 216 30 min; duration, 30-180 min;
chelonians: induction, 10-20 min;
duration, 40-120 min; not very effective
in reptiles other than alligators; 303 poor
relaxation; adequate for immobilization
and minor procedures; requires an
antagonist; limited use because of
expense and legal restrictions
— All species/reversal of benzodiazepines,
including diazepam and midazolam;
seldom indicated
0.05 mg/kg IM, SC,
IV 241
1 mg/20 mg of
zolazepam 220 IM,
IV 319
All species/reversal of midazolam;
extrapolated from mammals and birds
Crocodilians, chelonians/reversal of
zolazepam
Fospropofol 25-50 mg/kg ICe 340 Red-eared slider turtles/muscle relaxation
and immobility especially at higher
dosage, but prolonged recovery, and
profound respiratory depression with
resuscitation in 2/8 subjects; use with
caution
Gallamine (Flaxedil,
American Cyanamid)
0.4-1.25 mg/kg Crocodiles/results in flaccid paralysis, but
IM 20 0.6-4 mg/kg no analgesia; larger animals require
IM 221
lower dosage; reverse with
0.7 mg/kg IM 276 neostigmine; 221 use in alligators
1.2-2 mg/kg IM 95 questionable; unsafe in alligators at
≥1 mg/kg, 303 deaths reported in
American alligators and false gharials 218
147