Exotic Animal Formulary5

dorsal recumbency at either dose;
reversed with yohimbine
intranasally
25.6 ± 2.2 mg/kg
intranasally 695
Budgerigars/time to onset 2.6 ± 0.9 min;
significantly longer sedation that
midazolam or diazepam; quality of
sedation insufficient to perform
clinical procedures
Xylazine (X)/butorphanol
(B)
Yohimbine HCl (Yobine,
Akorn)
Ratites, including rheas/sedation,
(X) 1.06-2.75 mg/kg +
0.55 mg/kg IM 455 needed in rheas
(B) 0.1-
premedication; higher doses were
— α 2 -adrenergic antagonist; excitement
and mortality observed at doses
>1 mg/kg 337
0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV 38 Psittacines, raptors
0.1-0.2 mg/kg IM,
IV 358
Raptors
0.1-1 mg/kg 333 Most species
0.11-0.275 mg/kg IM,
IV once 339
0.125 mg/kg
IV 375,396,630
12 mg/kg
intranasally 829
12-15 mg/kg
intranasally 830
Budgerigars
Ratites
Ring-necked parakeets/dose divided
evenly between nares and
administered slowly; successful
reversal of xylazine intranasally
Canaries/dose divided evenly between
nares and administered slowly;
successful reversal of xylazine and
detomidine
a
For other analgesic recommendations, refer to Table 5-6 (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents).
b
The anesthetic agents of choice in most avian species are the inhalant agents, isoflurane and
sevoflurane.
c
All opioid agonists and agonist-antagonists may cause respiratory depression; profound bradypnea
may occur with potent opioid agonists.
d
The effects of the volume:volume use of the dexmedetomidine and medetomidine may not be
equivalent, so the dose of dexmedetomidine may need to be adjusted based on clinical response.
Table 5-6
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents Used in Birds. a-c
350