Exotic Animal Formulary5

CK (U/L) 1-574 ‡ 29 (0-265)* 203 (20-3338)*
GGT (U/L) 0-10 ‡ 0 (0-3)* 0 (0-5)*
Glucose (mg/dL) 245-378 † 319 (261-360)* 338 (218-468)*
LDH (U/L) 65-353 ‡ 180 (92-530)* 209 (132-861)*
Phosphorus
(mg/dL)
0.50-8.18 † 2.60 (0.93-7.12)* 5.51 (1.64-7.77)*
Potassium (mEq/L) 2.1-4.8 † 3.7 (2.9-5.3)* 3.8 (1.5-5.5)*
Protein, total
(g/dL)
2.7-4.1 ‡ 2.7 (2.1-3.3)* 3.6 (2.6-4.7)*
Albumin (g/dL) 1.5-2.4 † 1.4 (1.0-1.7)* 1.4 (0.8-1.9)*
Globulin (g/dL) 1.0-2.6 ‡ 1.3 (1.0-1.6)* 1.8 (1.3-3.4)*
A:G ratio 0.6-1.9 ‡ 1.1 (0.8-1.4)* 0.8 (0.4-1.3)*
Sodium (mEq/L) 152-168 ‡ 157 (151-161)* 158 (156-170)*
Uric acid (mg/dL) 3.33-21.37 ‡ 7.09 (2.56-25.28)* 11.42 (5.51-22.33)*
a
Numbers in parentheses represent the mean.
b
WBC count and differentials for Harris hawk are absolute values.
c
Hematology: Mean and SD (reference interval); PBT, phloxine B technique; NHT, Natt and Herrick
technique; EST, estimation from the smear technique. Differential counts were computed from the
phloxine B technique. Reference intervals were calculated by the robust method or robust method after
Box–Cox transformation; NA, insufficient sample size for reference interval calculation (n <20).
Biochemistry: *Median (range) (10 < n < 20). Reference intervals were not reported when n <10. † Robust
technique (n >20, Gaussian distribution). ‡ Robust technique with Box–Cox transformation (n >20, non-
Gaussian distribution).
Table 5-25
Biologic and Physiologic Values of Selected Avian
Species. a,12a,30,142,143,191,192,214,260,327,328,377,414,542,675,737,778,836
Species
Incubation
Period
(days) b
Fledgling
Age
(days)
Weaning Age
(days)
Parentraised
Handreared
Sexual
Maturity
Lifespan in
Captivity
(Maximum)
(years)
Psittaciformes
African grey
parrot
26-28 d 50-65 100-120 75-90 4-6 yr 50-60
Amazon 24-29 e 45-60 90-120 75-90 4-6 yr >50 (80)
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