Exotic Animal Formulary5

Carprofen
1-4 mg/kg PO, SC,
IM, IV q24h, 217
follow with
half the dose
q24-72h 259
Most species/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory; no
efficacy data in any reptile species
Etodolac
Fentanyl
Flunixin
meglumine
5 mg/kg PO
q72h×30 days 301
12.5 µg/hr
transdermal
patch to
cranial epaxial
muscles 188
12.5 µg/hr
transdermal
patch to
caudodorsal
lumbar
region 109
0.1-0.5 mg/kg IM
q12-24h 217
0.5-2 mg/kg IM
q12-24h 344
1-2 mg/kg IM
q24h×2
treatments 37,360
Komodo dragons
Ball pythons/high plasma concentrations (above
analgesic threshold in mammals); analgesic
efficacy not proven in any snake species, but
anecdotal evidence from certain snake clinical
cases demonstrated improved condition after
application of patch
Prehensile-tailed skinks/no side effects reported after
24 hr when skink blood levels reached human
therapeutic levels; environmental temperature can
significantly affect absorption
Most species/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory; use for
maximum of 3 days; no evidence of efficacy
Most species/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory; no
evidence of efficacy
Lizards/postsurgical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory;
no evidence of efficacy
Hydromorphone 0.5-1 mg/kg SC 246 Red-eared sliders/analgesic efficacy
Ketoprofen — Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
2 mg/kg PO, SC,
IM q24-
48h 225,381
Most species/green iguanas/PK study; 381 loggerhead
sea turtles/frequently used due to historical
evidence of safety; 225 no efficacy data
Lidocaine
(0.5%-2%)
2-5 mg/kg local 344 Most species/10 mg/kg maximum dosage
Local or topical 341
Most species/local analgesia; infiltrate to effect (e.g.,
0.01 mL 2% lidocaine used for local block for IO
catheter placement in iguanas); 21 often used in
conjunction with chemical immobilization
Lidocaine
(L)/morphine
(Mo)
4 mg/kg
intrathecal 240
2 mg/kg
(L)+0.1 mg/kg
(Mo)
intrathecal 312
Turtles, tortoises/regional analgesia
Desert tortoises/orchiectomy analgesia
158