Exotic Animal Formulary5

tranquilizer
given prior to
induction 35
Isoflurane (or sevoflurane)
Ketamine
Ketamine (K)/azaperone
(Az)
Ketamine (K)/diazepam (D)
4%-5% induction or
to effect 21,33
1%-3%
maintenance 20,21,33
Use only in
combination
(K) 15 mg/kg+(Az)
2 mg/kg IM,
SC 9,29
(K) 8-10 mg/kg+(D)
1-2 mg/kg IM 3
(K) 15-20 mg/kg+(D)
2 mg/kg IM,
SC 9,29
Especially recommended for sick or
debilitated pigs and for those <8 weeks of
age
Ketamine combinations follow; see
guaifenesin, tiletamine/zolazepam for
additional combinations
Used alone results in poor muscle relaxation,
poor visceral analgesia, and rough
recovery (hyperkinesia, severe and
prolonged ataxia, distress vocalizations),
especially IM; use with other agents
Short-term anesthesia; prolong with (K) 2-
(D) 1-2 mg/kg IM,
12-20 mg/kg IM 5 smoother recovery than ketamine alone
followed by (K) 4 mg/kg IV prn; minimal analgesia;
Ketamine(K)/midazolam
(Mi)
(K) 10 mg/kg+(Mi) This drug combination can cause profound
1 mg/kg IM 3 hypothermia 29
Ketamine (K)/xylazine (X)
(K) 15-20 mg/kg+(X)
2 mg/kg IM,
SC 3,9,29
(K) 10 mg/kg+(X)
1 mg/kg IM 20
Anesthesia; rough recovery
(X) 2.2 mg/kg IM, Short-term anesthesia; prolong with (K) 2-
followed by (K) 4 mg/kg IV prn
12-20 mg/kg IM 5
Ketamine (K)/xylazine
(X)/butorphanol (B)
(K) 5 mg/kg+(X) Anesthesia; butorphanol
2 mg/kg+(B) enhances analgesia
0.22 mg/kg IM 3
(K) 11 mg/kg+(X)
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