Exotic Animal Formulary5

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FluctuantmassCornealopacitySudden deathWeight lossInfectious agents: bacterial abscess, mycobacteria(rare), mycoses (rare), protozoal cyst,myxosporeans, helminths (e.g., immaturetrematodes and cestodes), subcutaneousleeches, fly larvae, mites, pentastomesNoninfectious causes: lymphatic blockage (e.g.,gout), xanthomatosis, toxicosis, trauma,fluid overload, thermal injury, hypocalcemia,neoplasia, normal (e.g., active marsupium ofGastrotheca spp. females, water sacs ofCycloderma rana, distended lymphatic sacs ofCeratophrys spp.)Infectious agents: bacteria, mycoses, nematodesNoninfectious causes: scar, corneallipidosis/xanthomatosis, trauma, chemicalirritation, toxicosis, neoplasiaInfectious agents: iridovirus, bacteria,chamydiosis, chytridiomycosisNoninfectious causes: toxicosis (ammonia,household pesticides, chlorine),electrocution, hypothermia, hyperthermia,trauma, gastric overload/impaction, stress,drowning, neoplasiaInfectious agents: bacteria, virus,chromomycosis, other mycoses,mycobacteria, coccidiosis, flagellate or ciliateovergrowth, helminthsbiochemistriesBiology review of speciesin question;husbandry review(diet, water qualitytests, soil pH,temperature); aspirate(wet mount, stained,culture); fecal parasiteexams; plasma uricacid, cholesterol, andtriglycerides;radiograph forskeletal density;plasma calcium andphosphorus; skin andblood cultures; CBCand other plasmachemistriesHusbandry review; slitlamp ophthalmicexam; culture andsensitivity; plasmacholesterol andtriglyceridesBiology review of speciesin question;husbandry review(diet, water qualitytests, soil pH,temperature); PCRtests for ranavirusand chytrid;necropsy; physicalexam of cagemates(include CBC, plasmabiochemistries, bloodculture, fecal parasiteexams); considereuthanasia andnecropsy of one ormore cagematesBiology review of speciesin question;husbandry review(diet, water qualitytests, soil pH,114
Noninfectious causes: heavy metal toxicosis(e.g., copper), chemical irritation (e.g.,ammonia, chlorine, salt, pH), stress frominappropriate husbandry (e.g.,environmental temperature too high,cagemate aggression), ocular disease withvision impairment, xanthomatosistemperature); skinscrapes (wet mountand stained); fecalparasite exams; PCRtests for ranavirusand chytrid; CBC;skin and bloodcultures; plasmacalcium, phosphorus,cholesterol, andtriglycerides;radiograph forskeletal density; otherplasma biochemistriesAnorexia,inappetenceBloatingInfectious agents: iridovirus, Lucke’sherpesvirus, other virus, bacteria,mycobacteria, chytridiomycosis,chromoblastomycosis, mucormycosis,protozoa, myxosporean, microsporidial,helminth, fly larvae, pentastomes, mites, ticksNoninfectious causes: inappropriateenvironment (e.g., substrate, temperature,illumination, photoperiod, humidity, lack offurnishings and hiding spots, inappropriatecagemates, too many cagemates or visiblespecimens in adjacent cages, activity inroom), inappropriate feeding practices (e.g.,wrong kind of food/prey, wrong size offood/prey, feeding at wrong times, too manyprey items offered at one time), frequenthandling or cage servicing, nutritionalsecondary hyperparathyroidism,hypocalcemia, toxicosis (e.g., copper,ammonia, chlorine), xanthomatosis, oculardisease with vision impairment, neoplasia,geriatric/senescence, normal (i.e., estivationor hibernation cues)Infectious agents: virus, bacteria, mycoses,mycobacteria, gastrointestinal nematodesNoninfectious causes: hypocalcemia (especiallyin hylid frogs), toxicosis, hypothermia,decomposition of ingesta (e.g., gastricoverload, low or high temperatures),pneumocoelom (i.e., ruptured lung ortrachea), gas supersaturationBiology review of speciesin question;husbandry review(diet, water qualitytests, soil pH,temperature); skinscrapes (wet mountand stained); PCRtests for ranavirusand chytrid; skin andblood cultures; fecalparasite exams;plasma cholesteroland triglycerides;radiograph forskeletal density;plasma calcium andphosphorus; CBCand other plasmabiochemistriesBiology review of speciesin question;husbandry review(diet, water qualitytests, soil pH,temperature); fecalparasite exams; PCRtests for ranavirusand chytrid; plasma115
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Exotic AnimalFormularyFIFTH EDITION
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Chapter 3: AmphibiansChapter 4: Rep
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Copyright3251 Riverport LaneSt. Lou
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Printed in the United States of Ame
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James W. CarpenterI dedicate this b
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Michelle G. Hawkins, VMD, Diplomate
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ForewordThe practice of exotic anim
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Formulary. In addition to the 295 d
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the medical care you provide to you
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About the EditorsAbout the editorJa
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C H A P T E R 1InvertebratesGregory
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Fluconazole5 mg/L×24 hrimmersion 1
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Tetracycline10 mg/kg POq24h 63Aquac
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(Interceptor,Novartis)0.16 mg/L as
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and 2 hr at high dose0.025-1 mg/kg
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inject into a strawberry and feed t
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Desert millipede (Orthoporus sp.)Gi
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13 Chair M., Nelis H.J., Leger P.,
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43 Lehmann D.W. Reef systems. In: L
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75 Vidal-Naquet N. Honeybees. In: L
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Acriflavine 4 mg/L×4h 118 Rainbow
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treatments q24-48h; 19-28 mg/Lfor 3
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25 mg/kg ICe q24h 129 Corkwing wras
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Kanamycin sulfate (Kantrex,Apotheco
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100 mg/L×6 hr 23 Tilapia/no residu
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10 mg/kg PO q24h×5days 47Channel c
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many plants; copper removed byactiv
Page 56 and 57:
Formalin — Formalin combination f
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50-60 mg/L×10-30 secbath 100100 mg
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brine shrimp 5500 mL volume for 30
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bath 10050-500 mg/Lbath 10070 mg/L
Page 64 and 65: MS-222 (Tricaine-S,Syndel USA)— S
Page 66 and 67: neutralizerDexamethasone 1-2 mg/kg
Page 68 and 69: produce at least a6:1 ratio (w/w) o
Page 70 and 71: PCV (%) 31±7.3 35 (24-43)RBC (10 6
Page 72 and 73: Globulin (g/dL) — 1.7A:G (ratio)
Page 74 and 75: A:G (ratio) 0.33 —Sodium (mmol/L)
Page 76 and 77: MeasurementaBonnethead shark(Sphyrn
Page 78 and 79: Globulin (g/dL) — 2.2 (1.4-3.6)A:
Page 80 and 81: an intensive eel-culture system. Aq
Page 82 and 83: 46 Gilmartin W.G., Camp B.J., Lewis
Page 84 and 85: 74 Iosifidou E.G., Haagsma N., Olli
Page 86 and 87: 106 Ovaprim (salmon gonadotropin re
Page 88 and 89: punctatus). Am J Vet Res. 1985;46:2
Page 90 and 91: 90
Page 92 and 93: Amikacin5 mg/kg IMq36h 59Bullfrogs/
Page 94 and 95: bath a,59Ofloxacin 0.3%ophthalmicso
Page 96 and 97: some individuals0.5-1.5 mg/L×5 min
Page 98 and 99: (F)/ivermectin (I)(I) 0.2 mg/kg PO
Page 100 and 101: 25 g/L×≤10 min bath 59 Ectoparas
Page 102 and 103: frogs0.35 mL in 1 L purifiedwater 1
Page 104 and 105: anesthesia; induction within30 min;
Page 106 and 107: Table 3-5Hormones Used in Amphibian
Page 108 and 109: Dexamethasone 1.5 mg/kg SC, IM 59 V
Page 110 and 111: Table 3-7Physiologic and Hematologi
Page 112 and 113: Table 3-8Blood Collection Sites in
Page 116 and 117: HydrocoelomCloacalprolapseLamenessI
Page 118 and 119: Table 3-11Guidelines for Managing P
Page 120 and 121: • A large percentage of amphibian
Page 122 and 123: 3 Allender M.C., Fry M.M. Amphibian
Page 124 and 125: 33 Martel A., Van Rooij P., Vercaut
Page 126 and 127: reference intervals for health moni
Page 128 and 129: Amikacin — Potentially nephrotoxi
Page 130 and 131: Chloramphenicol — Most species/pu
Page 132 and 133: 50 mg/250 mL sterilewater; 1-3 mL/n
Page 134 and 135: 45 mg/kg q24h 103 nephrotoxic; main
Page 136 and 137: Chlorhexidine (Nolvasan2%, Fort Dod
Page 138 and 139: PO×47 days 347,383anamorph of Nann
Page 140 and 141: Levamisole (Levasole13.65%,Mallinck
Page 142 and 143: Pyrantel pamoate5 mg/kg PO, repeat
Page 144 and 145: Agent Dosage Species/CommentsAcepro
Page 146 and 147: Butorphanol(B)/midazolam (Mi)Dexmed
Page 148 and 149: 0.5-2 mg/kg IM 211 CrocodiliansGlyc
Page 150 and 151: Ketamine(K)/butorphanol (B)See (K)
Page 152 and 153: with chemical immobilization0.158 m
Page 154 and 155: 10-18 mg/kg ICe 269 Chelonians7.5-1
Page 156 and 157: recovery periodsThiopental 19-31 mg
Page 158 and 159: Carprofen1-4 mg/kg PO, SC,IM, IV q2
Page 160 and 161: IM 90,350,351,353depression), fresh
Page 162 and 163: Levothyroxine0.02 mg/kg POq48h 132G
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Calcium gluconate 50-100 mg/kg SC,
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q24h 242Emeraid Herbivore (Lafeber)
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apart 191Ringer’s solution for re
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Vitamin E/selenium (L-Se,Schering)1
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CisplatinCyclophosphamideuntil defe
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release pellets(InnovativeResearch
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Chloride (mEq/L) 125 (108-138) 131
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Albumin (g/dL) b 2.1 (1.2-2.9) 2.1
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Lymphocytes(10 3 /µL)2.59 (0.60-6.
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Chloride (mEq/L) 122 (105-139) 119
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Albumin (g/dL) b 2.0 (0.8-3.2) 2.3
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MCHC (g/dL) 32 (19-46) 21 (14-36) 2
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RBC (10 6 /µL) 1.3 (1-1.7) 1.4 (1.
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(g/dL)Albumin (g/dL) b 2.2 (2.1-2.3
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Triglyceride(mg/dL)135 (17-476) 35
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Heterophils (10 3 /µL)Lymphocytes(
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µL)Azurophils (10 3 /µL)Eosinophi
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(10 3 /µL)Basophils (10 3 /µL)0.1
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(mg/dL)Creatine kinase(U/L)153 (23-
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Glucose (mg/dL) 53 (4-113) 54 (21-1
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(mg/dL)Uric acid (mg/dL) 0.5 (0-1.2
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Russian tortoise(Agrionemyshorsfiel
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Powder,NOWFoods)Baby foodsCommercia
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Table 4-14Guidelines for Tracheal/P
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aGenerally recommended to collect o
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• Lack of UVA and UVB light spect
Page 216 and 217:
Table 4-18Selected Sources of Diets
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soldier fly larvae,roaches, rice fl
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under tank heaterHumidity DevicesEx
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and subcutaneous tramadol administr
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farmacologica com cetamina e xilazi
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DVM. 1998;1:23.80 Divers S.J. Anest
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Med Surg. 2009;19:106-114.113 Giann
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ketamine anesthesia with atipamezol
Page 232 and 233:
kinetics of gentamicin and amikacin
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206 Kolmstetter C.M., Cox S., Ramsa
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turtles, Lepidochelys kempi. J Zoo
Page 238 and 239:
270 Millichamp N.J. Ophthalmology.
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(Trachemys scripta elegans). J Zoo
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334 Schaeffer D.O. Anesthesia and a
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ceftazidime in loggerhead sea turtl
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disposition of clarithromycin in th
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Agent Dosage Species/CommentsAmikac
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q12h × 5days 11255-110 mg/kg POq12
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q12-24h 198,202100 mg/kg IMq12h 566
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25-50 mg/kg IM,IV q12h 66750-75 mg/
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100 mg/kg POq8-12h 318100 mg/kg POq
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solution/Ldrinkingwater 668applicat
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against Gram-negative organisms;act
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25-50 mg/kg POq12-24h 33335 mg/kg P
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× 3 days 689Doxycyline hyclate cap
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q24h 32025-50 mg/Ldrinkingwater 981
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Table 5-44)10 mg/kg POq12h 5115-20
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25-50 mg/kg POq12h 31535-50 mg/kg P
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10 mg/kg POq24h 20310 mg/kg PO q8-1
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200 mg/kg IMq24h 51,76130-400 mg/Ld
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Rifabutin (Mycobutin, Pfizer)wash o
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Tetracycline — Broad-spectrum tet
Page 280 and 281:
q8-12h 56620 mg/kg SC, IMq12h 14830
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50 mg/L drinkingwater 685250-400 mg
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q24h × 5 days 685Inject 10 mg/kgin
Page 286 and 287:
q6h × 20-90 days 35820-75 mg/kg PO
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Ketoconazole — Imidazole antifung
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SilversulfadiazineSTA solution(sali
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14 days 3581000 mg/Ldrinkingwater 1
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25-50 mg/kg PO q24h ×3-4 days 760
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1-2 days 38,135 pigeons, psittacine
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30 mg/kg PO once 135 Raptors1.1 or
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dose in hot weather andhigher dose
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30 mg/kg PO q24h × 5-8 days 16 Fal
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250 mg/L drinking water× 3-7 days
Page 306 and 307:
7.5 mg/kg PO, SC 112 Ostriches7.5 m
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days 135Melarsomine dihydrochloride
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99 mg/kg feed 122,482 Sandhill cran
Page 312 and 313:
Permethrin Dust plumage lightly 38
Page 314 and 315:
Primaquine a — Pigeons, raptors,
Page 316 and 317:
safety margin 1944.5 mg/kg PO, repe
Page 318 and 319:
water × 5 days 13560 mg/L drinking
Page 320 and 321:
Sulfadimethoxine (12.5%) 20 mg/kg P
Page 322 and 323:
of coccidiosis;contraindicated with
Page 324 and 325:
10 mg/kg PO q48h × 3treatments 381
Page 326 and 327:
480 mg/L drinking waterq24h 135Pige
Page 328 and 329:
Alfaxalone (A)/fentanyl (F)(A) 20 m
Page 330 and 331:
0.25 mg/kg IM 505 Red-tailed hawks/
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use in any avian speciesDetomidine
Page 334 and 335:
0.05-0.5 mg/kg IV 333 Most species0
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0.025 mg/kg IM 333 OstrichesEtorphi
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0.6 mg/kg0.1, 0.3, and0.6 mg/kg IM
Page 340 and 341:
(K) 10 mg/kg + (D)0.2 mg/kg IM 31 P
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(K) 8 mg/kg IV + (X) Ostriches/keta
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intranasally with sternalrecumbency
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1-2.4% + (V)0.2 mg/kg IV 416,418aPe
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procedures; 263 recommend 3-5 mg/kg
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dorsal recumbency at either dose;re
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lead to banning of diclofenac in In
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shortest half-life (0.49 hr) of any
Page 356 and 357:
Buserelin (Receptal,Intervet India)
Page 358 and 359:
Insulin40-50 mg/kg IVq24h 8060.002
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5-50 mg/kg SC, IMq4-6wk 3815-30 mg/
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2-8 mg/kg SC, IMonce 388-8.5 mg/kg
Page 364 and 365:
Dexamethasonesodiumphosphate5%-10%
Page 366 and 367:
0.5 mL saline 333Voriconazole10 mg/
Page 368 and 369:
Charcoal, activated — Adsorbs tox
Page 370 and 371:
(M)/activatedcharcoal (C)Magnesium
Page 372 and 373:
Agent Dosage Species/CommentsAmitri
Page 374 and 375:
0.5 mg/kg PO 280 ’Amakihi/calm fr
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Levetiracetam750 µg/kg; BW≤300 g
Page 378 and 379:
80 mg/kg POq24h 9580 mg/kg PO q12h
Page 380 and 381:
Calcium gluconate(10%)— Hypocalce
Page 382 and 383:
parts water; 3drops into 100mL drin
Page 384 and 385:
Vitamin B1(thiamine)— Thiamine de
Page 386 and 387:
stable, thenq24h × 14 days 3332.5
Page 388 and 389:
Edetate disodium ophthalmicdrops1 d
Page 390 and 391:
(0.5%) 1 drop/eye topical 773 Hispa
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bilateral application1 drop of 0.4%
Page 394 and 395:
inappetence; frequency was notdeter
Page 396 and 397:
Vincristine sulfate 0.1 mg/kg IV q7
Page 398 and 399:
powder 660Tobramycin — Release fo
Page 400 and 401:
12h 3334 mg/kg IM q12h 742 Pionus p
Page 402 and 403:
hypoK: 40mEq/LSevere hypoK:60 mEq/L
Page 404 and 405:
F18 injection,Siemens)37 MBq (1 mCi
Page 406 and 407:
Amazon parrots/PD; contrast fluoros
Page 408 and 409:
water 333Diphenoxylate withatropine
Page 410 and 411:
contrast media; 1:1 dilution with w
Page 412 and 413:
sulfate 3331 mL combined withminera
Page 414 and 415:
Skin-So-Soft (Avon)Topical to affec
Page 416 and 417:
H:L ratio — — —ChemistriesALP
Page 418 and 419:
Colorimetric 32-117 12-112 44-108BU
Page 420 and 421:
Glucose (mg/dL) 214-302 217-323 220
Page 422 and 423:
Prealbumin(g/dL)— 0.12-0.42 —α
Page 424 and 425:
Uric acid (mg/dL) 2.5-12 2.9-10.6 4
Page 426 and 427:
species) (n alba) 142 (n species) a
Page 428 and 429:
MCH (pg) 26-55 38.4 ± 3.6MCHC (g/d
Page 430 and 431:
Chloride (mEq/L) — 100 ± 16 —C
Page 432 and 433:
MeasurementHematologyBald Eagle (Ha
Page 434 and 435:
ALT (U/L) 3-50 —AST (U/L) 76-492
Page 436 and 437:
HematologyPCV (%) 43 ± 3.2 49 ± 2
Page 438 and 439:
Fibrinogen (g/L) — — —Chemist
Page 440 and 441:
MeasurementGreat Gray Owl(Strix neb
Page 442 and 443:
Biologic and Physiologic Values of
Page 444 and 445:
Eurasianeagle owl2-4 34-36 2-3 Firs
Page 446 and 447:
LymphocytesMonocytesEosinophilsBaso
Page 448 and 449:
dirty nail clip;carnivorousbirds ha
Page 450 and 451:
Table 5-30Lipoprotein Panel of Sele
Page 452 and 453:
Table 5-32Approximate Resting Respi
Page 454 and 455:
Bald eagle — 14 ± 2 21.5 ± 1.7
Page 456 and 457:
Table 5-36Fluid Therapy Recommendat
Page 458 and 459:
Calculation of Enteral Feeding Requ
Page 460 and 461:
Table 5-40Doxycycline Recipes Used
Page 462 and 463:
Table 5-42Selected Nutritional Reco
Page 464 and 465:
Protocols Used in Treating Mycobact
Page 466 and 467:
in Critical Birds. aEmergency DrugD
Page 468 and 469:
Nobilis Lasota,Intervet)eyes— Add
Page 470 and 471:
consciousbirds 869Direct in birdsun
Page 472 and 473:
Table 5-50ECG Measurements Referenc
Page 474 and 475:
Table 5-52Spectral Doppler Echocard
Page 476 and 477:
the effective dose by 25% every 3 w
Page 478 and 479:
References1 Aarons J. First aid and
Page 480 and 481:
containing tris-[hydroxymethyl] ami
Page 482 and 483:
60 Beaufrère H., Holder K.A., Baue
Page 484 and 485:
1, 2016.91 Boothe D.M. Antifungal a
Page 486 and 487:
120 Carpenter J.W. Personal observa
Page 488 and 489:
camelus var. domesticus). Anim Sci
Page 490 and 491:
Libyostrongylus dentatus in ostrich
Page 492 and 493:
Publishing; 1994:1030-1052.211 Dyer
Page 494 and 495:
243 Flammer K. Antifungal drug upda
Page 496 and 497:
276 Gancz A.Y., Malka S., Sandmeyer
Page 498 and 499:
303c Guzman D.S., Drazenovich T.L.,
Page 500 and 501:
versus lateral recumbency on the ca
Page 502 and 503:
367 Jalanka H.H. New alpha two adre
Page 504 and 505:
2013;27:44-52.399 Keller K.A., Beau
Page 506 and 507:
coccidiosis in domestic pigeons (Co
Page 508 and 509:
anesthesia in ratites. J Am Vet Med
Page 510 and 511:
486 Maier K., Olias P., Gruber A.D.
Page 512 and 513:
520 Mohan R. Mycoplasma in ratites.
Page 514 and 515:
2017.549 National Research Council.
Page 516 and 517:
Conf Avian Herp Exot Mam Med. 2015;
Page 518 and 519:
609 Phalen D.N. Preventive medicine
Page 520 and 521:
a single oral dose and administrati
Page 522 and 523:
675 Roberts M.F. Pigeons. Jersey Ci
Page 524 and 525:
thermal antinociceptive effects of
Page 526 and 527:
736 Shlosberg A., Egyed M.N., Eilat
Page 528 and 529:
768 Steinhort L.A. Diagnosis and tr
Page 530 and 531:
798 Ter Beest J., McClean M., Cushi
Page 532 and 533:
without ketamine and detomidine alo
Page 534 and 535:
860 Wlaź P., Knaga S., Kasperek K.
Page 536 and 537:
C H A P T E R 6Backyard Poultry and
Page 538 and 539:
drinking water×3-5 days 12315-20 m
Page 540 and 541:
continuouslythroughout feedingperio
Page 542 and 543:
12h 32(PK), ducksPoultry/restricted
Page 544 and 545:
100-200 g/ton offeed×7-14 days 165
Page 546 and 547:
10 mg/kg PO q12h× Chickens/PK; hig
Page 548 and 549:
Gentamicin sulfate (Garasol, Interv
Page 550 and 551:
staphylococcalinfections 1665-8 mg/
Page 552 and 553:
7 days 165Oxytetracycline (Terramyc
Page 554 and 555:
60 mg/kg PO q24h×7 days 69 Poultry
Page 556 and 557:
Agent Dosage Species/CommentsCopper
Page 558 and 559:
Table 6-3Antiviral and Immunomodula
Page 560 and 561:
Cypermethrin (5%) (Max Con, Y-Tex)t
Page 562 and 563:
80 mg/kg feed 153 Chickens/PK, PD;
Page 564 and 565:
repeat in 7-14 days 69Maduramicin a
Page 566 and 567:
100-500 mg/kg PO Game birdsonce, re
Page 568 and 569:
on the age, class of animal,ambient
Page 570 and 571:
fDissolve a 13-g (0.46-oz) packet o
Page 572 and 573:
temperature, and prolongedrecoverie
Page 574 and 575:
anesthesia(K) 20 mg/kg+(X) Pekin du
Page 576 and 577:
at this doseSevoflurane 2.21±0.32%
Page 578 and 579:
concentrations 76Flunixinmeglumine
Page 580 and 581:
Table 6-7Hormones and Steroids Used
Page 582 and 583:
IVq3-4h 16,69Botulinum type Cantito
Page 584 and 585:
deficiency55-70 mg/kg of feed 89 Po
Page 586 and 587:
Table 6-12Oncologic Agents Used in
Page 588 and 589:
Table 6-14Miscellaneous Agents Used
Page 590 and 591:
Protein, total(g/dL)3.3-5.5 3.4-3.6
Page 592 and 593:
Table 6-17Biologic and Physiologic
Page 594 and 595:
Table 6-19Selected Nutritional Reco
Page 596 and 597:
Avian pneumovirus—type C PCR Live
Page 598 and 599:
Salmonella spp.Environmentalculture
Page 600 and 601:
Table 6-25Sources of Information on
Page 602 and 603:
Fowl choleraLiveattenuatedWW,PO6 wk
Page 604 and 605:
1b Abdul-Aziz T. Overview of avian
Page 606 and 607:
30a Charlton B.R. Poultry use guide
Page 608 and 609:
58 Goetting V., Lee K.A., Tell L.A.
Page 610 and 611:
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/poult
Page 612 and 613:
118 Mulcahy D.M., Stoskopf M.K., Es
Page 614 and 615:
Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet/Assoc Exo
Page 616 and 617:
Accessed Feb 13, 2017.171 Uzun M.,
Page 618 and 619:
Amikacin sulfateAmoxicillinAmoxicil
Page 620 and 621:
Table 7-2Antiparasitic Agents Used
Page 622 and 623:
(K)/midazolam(Mi)Ketamine (K)/Xylaz
Page 624 and 625:
Prednisolone0.1-0.2 mg/kg PO, SC,IM
Page 626 and 627:
Table 7-7Biologic and Physiologic V
Page 628 and 629:
Table 7-9Growth and Development of
Page 630 and 631:
diarrhea; treat items must be stric
Page 632 and 633:
Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000:115
Page 634 and 635:
C H A P T E R 8HedgehogsPeter J. He
Page 636 and 637:
EnrofloxacinErythromycinGentamicinG
Page 638 and 639:
Page 640 and 641:
IV, IP 4,27Atropine0.01-0.05 mg/kgS
Page 642 and 643:
in hedgehogs, and, to date, it appe
Page 644 and 645:
Carnivore(Lafeber)Enalapril 0.5 mg/
Page 646 and 647:
Chloride (mEq/L) 109±10 (92-128) N
Page 648 and 649:
Table 8-9Suggested Diets for Hedgeh
Page 650 and 651:
Table 8-11Common Injection and Veni
Page 652 and 653:
Table 8-16Cardiac Measurements in H
Page 654 and 655:
African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix al
Page 656 and 657:
50 Rhee DY, Kim MS, Chang SE, et al
Page 658 and 659:
Amikacin5-15 mg/kg SC,IM, IV q8-12h
Page 660 and 661:
IM q12h 90CiprofloxacinClarithromyc
Page 662 and 663:
q24h 31pulse therapy, 7 days on/off
Page 664 and 665:
Sulfonamide/trimethoprimcombination
Page 666 and 667:
topically q7-14d×3-6 treatments 84
Page 668 and 669:
q24h 8420-50 mg/kg PO q8h 90 Gerbil
Page 670 and 671:
Sulfaquinoxaline1 mg/mL drinkingwat
Page 672 and 673:
0.5-5 mg/kg IM 84 Guinea pigsketami
Page 674 and 675:
IP 41(K) 60 mg/kg+(X) 6 mg/kgIP 56(
Page 676 and 677:
necrosis when given IMYohimbine 0.5
Page 678 and 679:
Dipyrone — See metamizoleDuloxeti
Page 680 and 681:
10-40 mg/kg SCq12h 84Mice10-40 mg/k
Page 682 and 683:
Charcoal(activated)0.5-5 g/kg PO pr
Page 684 and 685:
Cabergoline 10-50 µg/kg PO q12-24h
Page 686 and 687:
Insulin 1 U/kg SC q12h 84 Chinchill
Page 688 and 689:
Theophylline 2-3 mg/kg PO q8-12h 29
Page 690 and 691:
10.9Neutrophils (%) 5-40 10-50 22 1
Page 692 and 693:
Table 9-11Blood Volumes of Rodents
Page 694 and 695:
Table 9-14Determining the Sex of Ma
Page 696 and 697:
LaboratoryAnimal Health Diagnostic
Page 698 and 699:
Table 9-18Endocrine Values in Roden
Page 700 and 701:
1 Abreu M., Aguado D., Benito J., e
Page 702 and 703:
32 Fisher P.G. Exotic mammal renal
Page 704 and 705:
New York: Pergamon; 1996.65 Lau C.,
Page 706 and 707:
100 Roughan J.V., Flecknell P.A. Be
Page 708 and 709:
C H A P T E R 1 0RabbitsPeter Fishe
Page 710 and 711:
Chlortetracycline 50 mg/kg PO q24h
Page 712 and 713:
q48h 41levels than other forms and
Page 714 and 715:
Fluconazole 5 mg/kg PO q24h 98 Cryp
Page 716 and 717:
Cyromazine 6% (Rearguard,Novartis)T
Page 718 and 719:
200-500 mg/kgPO×2 days 112750 mg/k
Page 720 and 721:
Agent Dosage CommentsAcepromazine
Page 722 and 723:
0.012 mg/kg 20,56 Epidural anesthes
Page 724 and 725:
q12h 411-2 mg/kg SC q12-24h 41Gabap
Page 726 and 727:
(K) 25 mg/kg+(Mi) 2- May be prefera
Page 728 and 729:
combinations to follow0.25-0.5 mg/k
Page 730 and 731:
Tramadol — Pharmacokinetic data r
Page 732 and 733:
Azithromycin 1% (Azasite, Akorn)Top
Page 734 and 735:
VoriconazoleTopical to eyesq12h 128
Page 736 and 737:
gauze, andadminister bygavage 41Fer
Page 738 and 739:
Prednisolone — See dexamethasone;
Page 740 and 741:
ChemistriesALP (U/L) 4-70ALT (U/L)
Page 742 and 743:
Page 744 and 745:
Table 10-12Cerebrospinal Fluid Valu
Page 746 and 747:
Table 10-14Determining the Sex of M
Page 748 and 749:
5 mg/kg slow IV q12h 112Midazolam 0
Page 750 and 751:
Table 10-19Percentage of Antibiotic
Page 752 and 753:
8 Avunduk A.M., Beuerman R.W., Warn
Page 754 and 755:
38 Fehr M. Zoonotic potential of de
Page 756 and 757:
administration. Vet Parasitol. 2010
Page 758 and 759:
1712.105 Pan B., Wang M., Xu F., et
Page 760 and 761:
chondroitin 4,6-sulfate in the acut
Page 762 and 763:
Amikacin8-16 mg/kg SC, IM, IVdivide
Page 764 and 765:
Lincomycin 11 mg/kg PO q8h 53Metron
Page 766 and 767:
until negativetesting 690.05-0.3 mg
Page 768 and 769:
Atipamezole (Antisedan,Zoetis)Atrop
Page 770 and 771:
Roche)with flumazenil at same volum
Page 772 and 773:
rateinfusion 21,49Flunixinmeglumine
Page 774 and 775:
Doxapram 1-2 mg/kg IV 52 Respirator
Page 776 and 777:
lifetime treatment; higher dosage m
Page 778 and 779:
Ciproheptadine(Periactin, Merck)Cis
Page 780 and 781:
Heparin100 U/animal(0.45-1.35 kg)SC
Page 782 and 783:
Ondansetron 1 mg/kg PO q12-24h 49An
Page 784 and 785:
(SAMe) (Vetri-SAMe, VetriscienceLab
Page 786 and 787:
ALT (U/L) 54-280 54-289AST (U/L) 40
Page 788 and 789:
Dental formula 2(I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/3
Page 790 and 791:
1 Vincristine 0.025 mg/kg IV3 Cyclo
Page 792 and 793:
Continue therapy every 3 wk for 1 y
Page 794 and 795:
Medicine and Surgery. 3rd ed. St. L
Page 796 and 797:
38 Lennox A. Alternative surgical o
Page 798 and 799:
North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2013;16:4
Page 800 and 801:
Amoxicillin10-22 mg/kg POq12-24h 14
Page 802 and 803:
q12h 25,bGiardia: 12-15 mg/kg POq12
Page 804 and 805:
Page 806 and 807:
Detomidine(De)/butorphanol(B)/Midaz
Page 808 and 809:
2 mg/kg+(B)0.22 mg/kg IM 7Ketamine
Page 810 and 811:
Table 12-4Analgesic Agents Used in
Page 812 and 813:
Oxymorphone0.1-0.2 mg/kg SC, IM, IV
Page 814 and 815:
Novartis)q4d×7treatments 15month,
Page 816 and 817:
Table 12-7Urinalysis Reference Valu
Page 818 and 819:
• Leptospirosis• Parvovirus•
Page 820 and 821:
Table 12-11Recommendations for Feed
Page 822 and 823:
New York: Elsevier Saunders; 2008:1
Page 824 and 825:
Amikacin 2-3 mg/kg IM q24h 592.3 mg
Page 826 and 827:
2 days20 mg/kg SC once 53 Lion-tail
Page 828 and 829:
Flurofamide25 mg/animal POq12h×3 d
Page 830 and 831:
q24h 3Penicillin VK 11 mg/kg PO q6h
Page 832 and 833:
q12h×3 days,then repeat 2×weekly
Page 834 and 835:
50 mg/kg POq24h×5 days 41Common ma
Page 836 and 837:
20 mg/kg PO q12h 41 Common marmoset
Page 838 and 839:
q24h×28 days 86 3 and 25 mg/animal
Page 840 and 841:
6 mg/kg PO q8h 3 Monkeys10-15 mg/kg
Page 842 and 843:
SC, IM, IV q6-12h 410.013 mg/kg IMq
Page 844 and 845:
rate infusion 728 µg/kg IV 87 Rhes
Page 846 and 847:
0.06 mg/kgIM 3,86(K) 3 mg/kg+(Me)0.
Page 848 and 849:
Ketorolac0.5-1 mg/kg 67 SC, NSAIDIM
Page 850 and 851:
Naloxone — Opioid antagonist/reve
Page 852 and 853:
ketamine 7215-17 mg/kg/h IVconstant
Page 854 and 855:
2-5 mg/animal IM 20 Chimpanzees (ju
Page 856 and 857:
Doxapram 2 mg/kg IV 3 Chimpanzees/r
Page 858 and 859:
Human chorionicgonadotropin (hCG)50
Page 860 and 861:
Metoclopramide 0.2-0.5 mg/kg IM q8-
Page 862 and 863:
5-10 mg/kg IM q4-7d 3 MonkeysSucral
Page 864 and 865:
Monocytes (%) 1.5 1.8 64.8-572.2 a
Page 866 and 867:
Page 868 and 869:
Table 13-8ECG Intervals and Duratio
Page 870 and 871:
current preparations are combinedwi
Page 872 and 873:
q10yr 62aVaccination protocols are
Page 874 and 875:
North Carolina State University Col
Page 876 and 877:
gorilla). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2017;48:
Page 878 and 879:
Zoo Wildl Med. 2000;31:251-254.41 J
Page 880 and 881:
macaques (Macaca fascicularis). J A
Page 882 and 883:
882
Page 884 and 885:
provide basic stabilizing care to i
Page 886 and 887:
b. Transfer the animal to a qualifi
Page 888 and 889:
release or placement in an educatio
Page 890 and 891:
SnakesCheloniansLizardsNonvenomous
Page 892 and 893:
Table 14-5Recommendations for Meat
Page 894 and 895:
Ceftiofur crystalline-freeacid (Exc
Page 896 and 897:
Metronidazole 15-25 mg/kg PO q12h×
Page 898 and 899:
Chemical Restraint/Anesthetic Agent
Page 900 and 901:
Table 14-10Analgesic and Nonsteroid
Page 902 and 903:
q3-5min prn formaximum of 3 dosesor
Page 904 and 905:
b“Carnivores” may include wild
Page 906 and 907:
Washington, DC: Logos Press; 2009:4
Page 908 and 909:
40 Hoareau G. Shock. Proc Pac Vet C
Page 910 and 911:
isolated from respiratory tract of
Page 912 and 913:
ClassBenzyl penicillins aAntimicrob
Page 914 and 915:
DifloxacinEnrofloxacinMarbofloxacin
Page 916 and 917:
(often resistant)advanced-generatio
Page 918 and 919:
CephalosporinsClindamycinErythromyc
Page 920 and 921:
Table 15-4Antimicrobial Combination
Page 922 and 923:
adenovirus, influenza virus,Pacheco
Page 924 and 925:
vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/serviceSa
Page 926 and 927:
Mammal: Bordetella, E. coli,Mycopla
Page 928 and 929:
Zoo Medicine ServiceCollege of Vete
Page 930 and 931:
InternationalTrade inEndangeredSpec
Page 932 and 933:
University ofPennsylvaniaComputerAi
Page 934 and 935:
CenterFrog World frogworld.net Web
Page 936 and 937:
husbandry articlesParrot OutreachSo
Page 938 and 939:
Atropine 0.54 mg/mL IM,SCGlycopyrro
Page 940 and 941:
Table 15-10Fluid Solutions Used in
Page 942 and 943:
Common Weight, Liquid Measure, Leng
Page 944 and 945:
Table 15-14System of International
Page 946 and 947:
uscompounding.com 800-AR Conway US
Page 948 and 949:
MO Jackson Horst Pharmacy horstphar
Page 950 and 951:
FDACompoundingResourcesWeb site:fda
Page 952 and 953:
for birds 236-239tfor primates 586-
Page 954 and 955:
for amphibians 60-64tfor birds 218-
Page 956 and 957:
American Society for the Prevention
Page 958 and 959:
Amphibians 53-80analgesic agents fo
Page 960 and 961:
for rodents 470-473tfor sugar glide
Page 962 and 963:
for miniature pigs 559-560tpartial
Page 964 and 965:
Association of Sugar Glider Veterin
Page 966 and 967:
for fish 17-24tfor primates 576-580
Page 968 and 969:
biologic and physiologic values of
Page 970 and 971:
for birds 258-263tBirds 167-375abno
Page 972 and 973:
for birds 272t, 275-283tfor ferrets
Page 974 and 975:
for wild mammals 628-629tBupivacain
Page 976 and 977:
for primates 594-601tfor reptiles 1
Page 978 and 979:
for ferrets 535-536tfor rabbits 500
Page 980 and 981:
Cefazolinfor backyard poultry and w
Page 982 and 983:
Cephalexinfor backyard poultry and
Page 984 and 985:
for reptiles 113-116tChloramine-T,
Page 986 and 987:
for hedgehogs 449-450tfor primates
Page 988 and 989:
Clomipraminefor birds 253-257tfor r
Page 990 and 991:
136tCoumaphos, for birds 197-217tCr
Page 992 and 993:
Deoxycorticosterone, for ferrets 54
Page 994 and 995:
Dexmedetomidine/midazolam/ketamine,
Page 996 and 997:
for birds 321tfor reptiles 145-149t
Page 998 and 999:
Disinfectants, for amphibians 74tDi
Page 1000 and 1001:
Droperidol, for primates 586-594tDu
Page 1002 and 1003:
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)biolo
Page 1004 and 1005:
Epsom salts, for backyard poultry a
Page 1006 and 1007:
Fahrenheit temperature scales, equi
Page 1008 and 1009:
anesthetic agents for 536-539tantif
Page 1010 and 1011:
for ferrets 533-534tfor invertebrat
Page 1012 and 1013:
Formalinfor amphibians 58-60tfor fi
Page 1014 and 1015:
Gentamicinfor amphibians 54-55tfor
Page 1016 and 1017:
for reptiles 93-103tfor rodents 467
Page 1018 and 1019:
for birds 253-257tfor fish 34-36tfo
Page 1020 and 1021:
for ferrets 543-549tfor primates 59
Page 1022 and 1023:
for reptiles 104-106tfor RGIS 522-5
Page 1024 and 1025:
Insulin/dextrose 50%, for birds 272
Page 1026 and 1027:
for rodents 467-470tfor sugar glide
Page 1028 and 1029:
for ferrets 543-549tfor miniature p
Page 1030 and 1031:
for birds 218-236tfor primates 586-
Page 1032 and 1033:
Lasalocidfor backyard poultry and w
Page 1034 and 1035:
for ferrets 533-536tfor hedgehogs 4
Page 1036 and 1037:
Macaws (Ara and Anodorhynchus spp.)
Page 1038 and 1039:
for rabbits 503-511tfor reptiles 93
Page 1040 and 1041:
for rodents 476-479tMethocarbamolfo
Page 1042 and 1043:
Mexiletine, for birds 275-283tMicaf
Page 1044 and 1045:
feeding recommendations for 572them
Page 1046 and 1047:
for reptiles 89-93tfor rodents 464-
Page 1048 and 1049:
for miniature pigs 559-560tfor prim
Page 1050 and 1051:
Norepinephrine, for primates 594-60
Page 1052 and 1053:
Ophthalmologic agentsfor backyard p
Page 1054 and 1055:
for reptiles 82-86tfor rodents 460-
Page 1056 and 1057:
Penicillin Gfor backyard poultry an
Page 1058 and 1059:
Pethidinefor reptiles 104-106tfor r
Page 1060 and 1061:
Piperacillinfor amphibians 54-55tfo
Page 1062 and 1063:
for invertebrates 6-9tfor primates
Page 1064 and 1065:
of 117-136tPrescription writing, co
Page 1066 and 1067:
for rodents 467-470tfor wild mammal
Page 1068 and 1069:
QQuaker parakeet (Myopsitta monachu
Page 1070 and 1071:
Ratitesbiologic and physiologic val
Page 1072 and 1073:
for reptiles 108-113tRoadrunner Pha
Page 1074 and 1075:
Sarafloxacinfor backyard poultry an
Page 1076 and 1077:
hematologic and biochemical values
Page 1078 and 1079:
Spectinomycin sulfate tetrahydrate,
Page 1080 and 1081:
for primates 594-601tfor rabbits 51
Page 1082 and 1083:
for ferrets 533-534tfor rabbits 495
Page 1084 and 1085:
for reptiles 113-116tfor rodents 47
Page 1086 and 1087:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)fo
Page 1088 and 1089:
Toltrazurilfor backyard poultry and
Page 1090 and 1091:
for birds 168-189t, 197-217tfor fis
Page 1092 and 1093:
Valley Drug and Compounding Pharmac
Page 1094 and 1095:
Vitamin B 12for backyard poultry an
Page 1096 and 1097:
Weight conversions 658tWestlab Phar
Page 1098 and 1099:
ZZanamivir, for ferrets 543-549tZeo
Page 1100 and 1101:
may not always be listed together).
Page 1102 and 1103:
1102
Page 1104:
Chapter 14: Wildlife 883Chapter 15:
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