Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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ix FOREWORD In a water deficient country like Botswana a wetland of any form and size and location attracts interest and is viewed as important to enhance the bio-physical and socioeconomic wellbeing in that respective locality. While wetland management has come to be recognized as an embodiment of maintenance of the integrity of freshwater bodies it should be understood that for Botswana, management of such sources as well as surrounding resources has traditionally been standard practice. It may not have been known as wetland management in contemporary expressions, but it constituted an approach to sustainably use the resources. Recognition of internationally renowned systems such as the <strong>Okavango</strong> puts into perspective the value that wetlands hold and the management attention it deserves. The Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism in collaboration with the rest of government, local authorities and organizations outside government joined efforts in formulating an initiative which evolved into a programme which culminated in the development of a <strong>Management</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> for the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>. We recognize support from international partners during this endearing exercise. The <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> is a magnificent piece of creation which is sometimes referred to as the “jewel of the Kalahari”. It is indeed an oasis in the deep expanse of the Kalahari Desert. The river creates a unique feature which empties its water into the thirsty Kalahari sands forming a great inland fan of channels and swampland - the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>. Geologically the system is referred to as “endorheic”. The <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> forms the core of one of the largest declared <strong>Ramsar</strong> sites or Wetlands of International Importance. The site, which also includes the Kwando / Linyati river system, is located entirely within Ngamiland District of Botswana. Many people derive their livelihoods from the area and it is also economically valuable as it serves both as a source of revenue from tourism and source of water for the region. Developing a management plan for such a system was both challenging and indeed a demanding task. The Government of Botswana is proud to have finalized the development of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>Management</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> (ODMP). The ODMP will provide a contextual framework within which all other sector plans should operate within the North West District. The ODMP strives for sustainable utilisation of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>’s natural resources. It is an initiative which was provided for in the National Vision 2016. The 2006 national celebrations to mark the ten years into Vision 2016, saw the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism through the Department of Environmental Affairs observing its accomplishment in the completion of the ODMP. Through the ODMP the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism demonstrated the possibility for integrated natural resource management and actual testing of the principles of ecosystem management of a key wetland system. The participatory planning and consultation principles embraced during the development of the ODMP have brought the broad environmental planning into some appreciable level and has enhanced cross-sectoral planning. The implementation of the ODMP should in this respect be a premise for more focused district development planning in future. We take pride in the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism in a successful imitative which is also endorsed within the wider <strong>Okavango</strong> basin as a proactive gesture towards what could be considered as Botswana’s contribution to an anticipated integrated management plan of the entire <strong>Okavango</strong> river system by Angola, Botswana and Namibia.
It stands to reason that the ODMP should and will be implemented as intended and that future review processes will indicate notable and positive impact on the bio-physical and socio-economic health of various aspects of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>Ramsar</strong> site, as well as improved institutional coordination and strengthening at all levels of operation. The level of expectation and commitment on the ODMP so far displayed gives some level of assurance for action. The Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism is bound to live up to these expectations. I present to you the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>Management</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> Honourable Onkokame Kitso Mokaila Minister of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism. x
Page 1 and 2: i OKAVANGO DELTA MANAGEMENT PLAN PR
Page 3 and 4: 2.3 ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATU
Page 5 and 6: 5.2.7 FIRE MANAGEMENT .............
Page 7 and 8: TABLE 3-4: CRITERIA FOR FUTURE PRIO
Page 9: Ministry of Environment, Wildlife a
Page 13 and 14: This chapter describes the strategi
Page 15 and 16: xiv FRAMP Framework Managem
Page 17 and 18: OKAVANGO DELTA VISION EXECUTIVE SUM
Page 19 and 20: physical subsystem. These are often
Page 21 and 22: Strategic Goal Stategic Objective K
Page 23 and 24: maintain them it accords prominence
Page 25 and 26: this, but sectors should continue t
Page 27 and 28: 1.3 THE NEED FOR A MANAGEMENT PLAN
Page 29 and 30: Instrument Year Objective Relevance
Page 31 and 32: Relavant conventions which Botswana
Page 33 and 34: 1.6.3.1 Project Design Phase Follow
Page 35 and 36: 1.6.3.5 Final Management</s
Page 37 and 38: Part of the catchment in Namibia co
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-3: The Okavango</s
Page 41 and 42: 2.1.5.3 Tertiary stakeholders These
Page 43 and 44: 2.1.6.7. Harry Oppenheimer
Page 45 and 46: The District Council is responsible
Page 47 and 48: The district is also affected by a
Page 49 and 50: which is itself an extension of the
Page 51 and 52: eastern from the central and wester
Page 53 and 54: Subsequently, flow from the Thamala
Page 55 and 56: capacity of these processes to elim
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Page 59 and 60: grasslands which overlaps with the
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Figure 2-10: Distribution map of ra
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zooplankton biomass has been record
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40 All of the ardeids are primarily
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15000 in 1988 and 35000 in 2002 (Bo
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Figure 2-11: Spatial Distribution o
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Figure 2-12: Land use map of the OR
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Parks and Game Reserves provide for
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2.4.3.1 Angola Quantities of water
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Table 2-10: Tourism Enterprise Lice
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2.4.6 2.4.6 FISHING The Oka
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2.4.7.2 Tsodilo Hills World Heritag
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2.4.8.2 Arable Farming Arable farmi
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can the correct management question
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2.7 TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE Total Econ
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household investors after deduction
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Table 2-16: Summary of the annual p
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2.7.2 INDIRECT USE VALUES In this s
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use value of ecosystems (refs). Thu
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HOORC-UB has developed into a resou
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found in the fringes of the <strong
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natural factors. There are two majo
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However, there are indications that
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molesta as well as of planktonic an
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employed. Cross-border re-invasion
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and use of the area’s resources,
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3.7 CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING MANAGE
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No. Management Are
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No. Management Are
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No. Management Are
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Table 3-2: Priority issues to be ad
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3.7.2.3 Proposed criteria for futur
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2 = Moderate social benefits 3 = Lo
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• clearing of small access channe
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The overall goal of the ODMP sets t
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Strategic Objectives • To sustain
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Strategic Object 1.3: To raise publ
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4.3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SWOT ANALYSIS
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Table 4-4: Operational Objectives t
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THEMATIC AREA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC Strat
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5.1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF VIABLE MANAG
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upstream - downstream interactions
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photography, birding, sightseeing e
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The maintance of this delicate bala
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It also provides for their integrat
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c) Existing lodges would continue,
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Table 5-2: Characterization of cond
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Category Natural / Bio-physical Tou
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Category Natural / Bio-physical Tou
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vi. Where vegetation resources are
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d) There should be adequate equipme
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implementers are presented in Appen
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138 District and National Developme
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Butzer, K. W., 1984. Archeogeology
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Hancock, P. 2003b. Saddle-billed St
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McCarthy, T.S., W.N. Ellery and A.
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ODMP, 2006. Slaty Egret Baseline Su
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simulated SPOT VEGETATION imagery.
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Tyson, P.D.R. Fuchs, C. Fu, L. Lebe
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Appendix I. 1: Action Plan<
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Strategic Goal 1: To establish viab
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Strategic Goal 2: To ensure the lon
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Strategic Goal 3: To sustainably us
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162 APPENDIX II - MONITORING AND EV
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Appendix II. 2: Plan</stron
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180 APPENDIX III: ASSESSING IMPACTS
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I.1.3 Manpower capacity of the fish
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Appendix III. 2: Assessing Impacts
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B.2.4 The risk of Tsetse re-infesta
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Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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