Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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2.1.2.2 Size and boundary The boundary of the ODRS (Figure 2-2)were rationalised in 2004 based on ecological, hydrological and land use features (ODMP – <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site Revision Report, 2004). The size of the ODRS is 55 374km2 which places it amongst the larger <strong>Ramsar</strong> sites globally. The area of permanent swamp covers approximately 6000 km2, while the seasonal swamp varies between about 4000 and 10,000 km2 in size, depending on the size of the flood each year (ODMP – Integrated Hydrological Modelling Report, 2006). 2.1.3 LEGAL STATUS AND RIGHTS 2.1.3.1 Ownership Ownership of the land within which the ODRS falls is defined by the land tenure systems in Botswana (Figure 2-3). There are three land tenure systems, namely, Tribal (Communal) Land; State Land (includes most of the Protected Areas (PAs) and Forest Reserves) and Freehold Land. It is important to note that the only state land in the ODRS is NG 41 within which Mababe settlement is located (Figure 2-3). 95.4% of the land falls under the Tribal Land Tenure system, while the remaining 4.6% constitutes State Land (NDSS, 2003). There is no Freehold Land in the ODRS. 2.1.3.2 Legal Rights Tribal land which is communally owned is held in trust for communities by the Tawana Land Board (TLB), which performs land management functions in accordance with the provisions of the Tribal Land Act of 1968. Usage rights to land under the Tribal Land Tenure systems are either granted communally or to individuals. Land under tribal ownership is never sold and as such land transactions are only for the sake of improvements or development on land. Allocations of tribal land in the project area are made by TLB on customary law grant or common law grant basis. Under customary law grant, land allocations are made only to citizens of Botswana for residential, arable and borehole purposes. Though allotees cannot assume perpetual rights to such land, most often, they assume such rights, and pass on their titles to their children. Residential plots are issued a lease period of 99 years. Common law grants on the other hand, can be made to citizens and non-citizens alike, for commercial, tourism and industrial developments on a 50 year lease basis. With regards to State Land, the Department of Lands holds and administers the land on behalf of the Government. State land allocation is on Fixed Period State Grant (FPSG) and Certificate of Rights (CoR) basis. FPSG is granted on a lease basis with the period of grant varying according to the land use, with industrial and commercial land being leased for a period of 50 years, while residential land use is leased for 99 years. 2.1.3.3 Site Status Following Botswana's accession to the <strong>Ramsar</strong> <strong>Convention</strong>, the <strong>Okavango</strong> was listed and designated as a <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site in 1997. Within the ODRS are the Tsodilo Hills which are a World Heritage Site. The site comprises the Moremi Game Reserve and Wildlife <strong>Management</strong> Areas (WMA) and Communal Areas. The communal areas are further subdivided into smaller and more specific categories that include settlements, arable lands and grazing areas. 13
Figure 2-3: The <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site Land Tenure 2.1.4 DEMOGRAPHY The population of Ngamiland District has grown significantly over the last decades. Between 1981 and 1991 the population grew from 68 063 to 94 534 while between 1991 and 2001 it increased from 94 534 to 124 712, reflecting an increase of 39% and 32% respectively. The Ngamiland District population constitutes about 8% of the National population. This shows that the population is increasing at a declining rate. This is attributed to declining fertility rate and consequently a decrease in birth rate (Ngamiland District Settlement Strategy, 2004). These figures show an annual population growth of about 2.8%. Table 2-1 shows the characteristics of the Ngamiland District population. Table 2-1: Summary of Ngamiland District Population Profile – 2001 Total population 124 712 Proportion of National Population 8 per cent Population Density (per km 14 2 ) 1.1 Annual Population Growth Rate (1991-2001) 2.8 per cent Male Population 59 661 (47,8 per cent) Female Population 65 051 (52,2 percent) Number of Households 26 313 Average Household Size 4,7 persons Number of Female Headed Households 13 710 (52,1 percent) Number of Male Headed Households 12 603 (47,9 percent) Percentage of Employed Population 36 percent Percentage of Unemployed Population 64 percent Illiteracy Rate 36 percent Source: CSO, 2001 Census of Poppulation and Housing
Page 1 and 2: i OKAVANGO DELTA MANAGEMENT PLAN PR
Page 3 and 4: 2.3 ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATU
Page 5 and 6: 5.2.7 FIRE MANAGEMENT .............
Page 7 and 8: TABLE 3-4: CRITERIA FOR FUTURE PRIO
Page 9 and 10: Ministry of Environment, Wildlife a
Page 11 and 12: It stands to reason that the ODMP s
Page 13 and 14: This chapter describes the strategi
Page 15 and 16: xiv FRAMP Framework Managem
Page 17 and 18: OKAVANGO DELTA VISION EXECUTIVE SUM
Page 19 and 20: physical subsystem. These are often
Page 21 and 22: Strategic Goal Stategic Objective K
Page 23 and 24: maintain them it accords prominence
Page 25 and 26: this, but sectors should continue t
Page 27 and 28: 1.3 THE NEED FOR A MANAGEMENT PLAN
Page 29 and 30: Instrument Year Objective Relevance
Page 31 and 32: Relavant conventions which Botswana
Page 33 and 34: 1.6.3.1 Project Design Phase Follow
Page 35 and 36: 1.6.3.5 Final Management</s
Page 37: Part of the catchment in Namibia co
Page 41 and 42: 2.1.5.3 Tertiary stakeholders These
Page 43 and 44: 2.1.6.7. Harry Oppenheimer
Page 45 and 46: The District Council is responsible
Page 47 and 48: The district is also affected by a
Page 49 and 50: which is itself an extension of the
Page 51 and 52: eastern from the central and wester
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Page 55 and 56: capacity of these processes to elim
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Page 59 and 60: grasslands which overlaps with the
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2-10: Distribution map of ra
Page 63 and 64: zooplankton biomass has been record
Page 65 and 66: 40 All of the ardeids are primarily
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Page 69 and 70: Figure 2-11: Spatial Distribution o
Page 71 and 72: Figure 2-12: Land use map of the OR
Page 73 and 74: Parks and Game Reserves provide for
Page 75 and 76: 2.4.3.1 Angola Quantities of water
Page 77 and 78: Table 2-10: Tourism Enterprise Lice
Page 79 and 80: 2.4.6 2.4.6 FISHING The Oka
Page 81 and 82: 2.4.7.2 Tsodilo Hills World Heritag
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Page 87 and 88: 2.7 TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE Total Econ
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household investors after deduction
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Table 2-16: Summary of the annual p
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2.7.2 INDIRECT USE VALUES In this s
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use value of ecosystems (refs). Thu
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HOORC-UB has developed into a resou
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found in the fringes of the <strong
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natural factors. There are two majo
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However, there are indications that
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molesta as well as of planktonic an
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employed. Cross-border re-invasion
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and use of the area’s resources,
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3.7 CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING MANAGE
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No. Management Are
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No. Management Are
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No. Management Are
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Table 3-2: Priority issues to be ad
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3.7.2.3 Proposed criteria for futur
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2 = Moderate social benefits 3 = Lo
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• clearing of small access channe
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The overall goal of the ODMP sets t
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Strategic Objectives • To sustain
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Strategic Object 1.3: To raise publ
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4.3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SWOT ANALYSIS
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Table 4-4: Operational Objectives t
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THEMATIC AREA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC Strat
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5.1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF VIABLE MANAG
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upstream - downstream interactions
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photography, birding, sightseeing e
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The maintance of this delicate bala
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It also provides for their integrat
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c) Existing lodges would continue,
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Table 5-2: Characterization of cond
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Category Natural / Bio-physical Tou
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Category Natural / Bio-physical Tou
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vi. Where vegetation resources are
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d) There should be adequate equipme
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implementers are presented in Appen
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138 District and National Developme
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Butzer, K. W., 1984. Archeogeology
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Hancock, P. 2003b. Saddle-billed St
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McCarthy, T.S., W.N. Ellery and A.
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ODMP, 2006. Slaty Egret Baseline Su
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simulated SPOT VEGETATION imagery.
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Tyson, P.D.R. Fuchs, C. Fu, L. Lebe
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Appendix I. 1: Action Plan<
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Strategic Goal 1: To establish viab
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Strategic Goal 2: To ensure the lon
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Strategic Goal 3: To sustainably us
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162 APPENDIX II - MONITORING AND EV
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Appendix II. 2: Plan</stron
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180 APPENDIX III: ASSESSING IMPACTS
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I.1.3 Manpower capacity of the fish
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Appendix III. 2: Assessing Impacts
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B.2.4 The risk of Tsetse re-infesta
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Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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